Arndt Karen M, Kane Caroline M
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
Trends Genet. 2003 Oct;19(10):543-50. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2003.08.008.
Long recognized as a target of regulation in prokaryotes, transcript elongation has recently become the focus of many investigators interested in eukaryotic gene expression. The growth of this area has been fueled by the availability of new methods and molecular structures, expanding sequence databases and an appreciation for the exquisite coordination required among different processes in the nucleus. Our article collates new information on regulatory accessory factors, as well as their ultimate target, RNA polymerase, in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. How this regulation influences the biology of the organism is quite profound, and from single cell to multicellular eukaryotes significant similarities exist in the molecular responses to extracellular signals during transcript elongation. The most advanced genetic knowledge in this area comes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but the biochemistry and cell biology results from other organisms are also highlighted.
转录延伸长期以来被认为是原核生物中的调控靶点，最近已成为许多对真核基因表达感兴趣的研究人员关注的焦点。这一领域的发展得益于新方法和分子结构的出现、不断扩展的序列数据库，以及对细胞核中不同过程间精确协调的认识。我们的文章整理了关于真核细胞细胞核中调控辅助因子及其最终靶点RNA聚合酶的新信息。这种调控对生物体生物学特性的影响极为深远，从单细胞到多细胞真核生物，转录延伸过程中对细胞外信号的分子反应存在显著相似性。该领域最先进的遗传学知识来自酿酒酵母，但也突出了其他生物体的生物化学和细胞生物学研究成果。
