冲击波碎石机破碎肾结石过程中的空化泡群活动
Cavitation bubble cluster activity in the breakage of kidney stones by lithotripter shockwaves.
作者信息
Pishchalnikov Yuriy A, Sapozhnikov Oleg A, Bailey Michael R, Williams James C, Cleveland Robin O, Colonius Tim, Crum Lawrence A, Evan Andrew P, McAteer James A
机构信息
Department of Acoustics, Physics Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
出版信息
J Endourol. 2003 Sep;17(7):435-46. doi: 10.1089/089277903769013568.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
There is strong evidence that cavitation bubble activity contributes to stone breakage and that shockwave-bubble interactions are involved in the tissue trauma associated with shockwave lithotripsy. Cavitation control may thus be a way to improve lithotripsy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
High-speed photography was used to analyze cavitation bubble activity at the surface of artificial and natural kidney stones during exposure to lithotripter shockwaves in vitro.
RESULTS
Numerous individual bubbles formed on the surfaces of stones, but these bubbles did not remain independent but rather combined to form clusters. Bubble clusters formed at the proximal and distal ends and at the sides of stones. Each cluster collapsed to a narrow point of impact. Collapse of the proximal cluster eroded the leading face of the stone, and the collapse of clusters at the sides of stones appeared to contribute to the growth of cracks. Collapse of the distal cluster caused minimal damage.
CONCLUSION
Cavitation-mediated damage to stones is attributable, not to the action of solitary bubbles, but to the growth and collapse of bubble clusters.
背景与目的
有充分证据表明空化泡活动有助于结石破碎，且冲击波-气泡相互作用与冲击波碎石术相关的组织创伤有关。因此，控制空化可能是改善碎石术的一种方法。
材料与方法
在体外将人工肾结石和天然肾结石暴露于碎石机冲击波下，采用高速摄影分析结石表面的空化泡活动。
结果
结石表面形成了大量单个气泡，但这些气泡并非保持独立，而是合并形成气泡簇。气泡簇在结石的近端、远端及侧面形成。每个气泡簇坍缩至一个狭窄的撞击点。近端气泡簇的坍缩侵蚀了结石的前沿面，结石侧面气泡簇的坍缩似乎有助于裂纹的扩展。远端气泡簇的坍缩造成的损伤最小。
结论
空化介导的结石损伤并非归因于单个气泡的作用，而是气泡簇的生长和坍缩。
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