McManus Donald P, Zhang Wenbao, Li Jun, Bartley Paul B
Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition, The Queensland Institute of Medical Research and The University of Queensland, Queensland 4029, Brisbane, Australia.
Lancet. 2003 Oct 18;362(9392):1295-304. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14573-4.
Echinococcosis is a near-cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by adult or larval stages of cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus (family Taeniidae). The two major species of medical and public health importance are Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis, which cause cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis, respectively. Both are serious and severe diseases, the latter especially so, with high fatality rates and poor prognosis if managed incorrectly. Several reports have shown that both diseases are of increasing public health concern and that both can be regarded as emerging or re-emerging diseases. In this review we discuss aspects of the biology, life cycle, aetiology, distribution, and transmission of the Echinococcus organisms, and the epidemiology, clinical features, treatment, and diagnosis of the diseases they cause. We also discuss the countermeasures available for the control and prevention of these diseases. E granulosus still has a wide geographical distribution, although effective control against cystic echinococcosis has been achieved in some regions. E multilocularis and alveolar echinococcosis are more problematic, since the primary transmission cycle is almost always sylvatic so that efficient and cost-effective methods for control are unavailable.
棘球蚴病是一种几乎遍布全球的人畜共患病，由棘球绦虫属（带科）绦虫的成虫或幼虫阶段引起。具有医学和公共卫生重要性的两个主要物种是细粒棘球绦虫和多房棘球绦虫，它们分别引起囊型棘球蚴病和泡型棘球蚴病。这两种都是严重的疾病，后者尤为严重，如果管理不当，病死率高且预后差。几份报告表明，这两种疾病日益引起公共卫生关注，并且都可被视为新出现或再次出现的疾病。在本综述中，我们讨论了棘球绦虫生物的生物学、生命周期、病因、分布和传播方面，以及它们所引起疾病的流行病学、临床特征、治疗和诊断。我们还讨论了可用于控制和预防这些疾病的对策。细粒棘球绦虫仍然具有广泛的地理分布，尽管在一些地区已经实现了对囊型棘球蚴病的有效控制。多房棘球绦虫和泡型棘球蚴病问题更大，因为主要传播循环几乎总是在野生动物中发生，因此缺乏有效且具有成本效益的控制方法。
