Herman C Peter, Roth Deborah A, Polivy Janet
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Psychol Bull. 2003 Nov;129(6):873-86. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.6.873.
The authors review the effect of the presence of others on food intake. In social facilitation studies, people tend to eat more in groups than when alone. In modeling studies, the presence of others may facilitate or inhibit intake, depending on how much these other people eat. Studies of impression management demonstrate that people tend to eat less in the presence of others than when alone. The authors attempt to reconcile these divergent literatures by reference to a model of inhibitory norms that govern eating. In the presence of palatable food, and in the absence of clear signals of satiety, people look outward to cues from the environment to determine when to stop eating. Socially derived inhibitory norms can account for either increased or decreased intake in the presence of others, depending on how much the others eat and the extent to which one is eager to impress them.
作者们回顾了他人在场对食物摄入量的影响。在社会促进研究中，人们在群体中往往比独自进食时吃得更多。在模仿研究中，他人的在场可能促进或抑制摄入量，这取决于其他人的进食量。印象管理研究表明，人们在他人面前往往比独自时吃得更少。作者们试图通过参考一种控制饮食的抑制性规范模型来调和这些不同的文献。在有美味食物且没有明显饱腹感信号的情况下，人们会向外寻找环境中的线索来决定何时停止进食。社会衍生的抑制性规范可以解释在他人在场时摄入量的增加或减少，这取决于其他人的进食量以及一个人渴望给他们留下深刻印象的程度。
