Allen Nicholas B, Badcock Paul B T
ORYGEN Research Centre and Department of Psychology, School of Behavioural Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Psychol Bull. 2003 Nov;129(6):887-913. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.6.887.
The authors hypothesize that depressed states evolved to minimize risk in social interactions in which individuals perceive that the ratio of their social value to others, and their social burden on others, is at a critically low level. When this ratio reaches a point where social value and social burden are approaching equivalence, the individual is in danger of exclusion from social contexts that, over the course of evolution, have been critical to fitness. Many features of depressed states can be understood in relation to mechanisms that reduce social risk in such circumstances, including (a) hyper-sensitivity to signals of social threat from others, (b) sending signals to others that reduce social risks, and (c) inhibiting risk-seeking (e.g., confident, acquisitive) behaviors. These features are discussed in terms of psychosocial and neurobiological research on depressive phenomena.
作者们推测，抑郁状态的演化是为了在社交互动中将风险降至最低，在这种社交互动中，个体认为自己对他人的社会价值与他人对自己的社会价值之比，以及自己给他人带来的社会负担处于极低的水平。当这个比例达到社会价值和社会负担接近相等的程度时，个体就有被排除在社交环境之外的危险，而在进化过程中，这些社交环境对适应性至关重要。抑郁状态的许多特征可以通过在这种情况下降低社会风险的机制来理解，包括：（a）对来自他人的社会威胁信号高度敏感；（b）向他人发出降低社会风险的信号；以及（c）抑制冒险（如自信、贪婪）行为。本文将根据对抑郁现象的社会心理和神经生物学研究来讨论这些特征。
