Nagel G, Nieters A, Becker N, Linseisen J
Division of Clinical Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
Allergy. 2003 Dec;58(12):1277-84. doi: 10.1046/j.1398-9995.2003.00296.x.
The objective of the investigation was to explore in a prospective study the associations between dietary intake of fatty acids, antioxidants and hay fever manifestation in adulthood.
Three hundred and thirty-four hay fever cases with adult onset of clinical symptoms from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Heidelberg cohort were identified during follow-up and matched with 1336 controls. Dietary intake data were obtained by means of validated food frequency questionnaires. The influence of dietary fatty acid and vitamin intake on hay fever risk was estimated by means of unconditional logistic regression.
High intake of oleic acid was positively associated with hay fever [odds ratio (OR): 2.86, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 1.22-6.70], whereas high intake of eicosapentaenoic acid was inversely related to hay fever (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.22-0.93). Furthermore, high beta-carotene intake increased the risk of hay fever (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.09-2.63) while increasing intake of vitamin E was a protective factor (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.17-0.85). In grouped analyses, the effects of beta-carotene and vitamin E were mainly observed among women and ex-/current-smokers; in these subgroups, linoleic acid increased the risk of hay fever.
In conclusion, the present results provide further evidence that dietary factors might affect the risk of clinical manifestation of hay fever. However, the effects in smokers and women may suggest different biological mechanisms for the investigated nutrients, which need further research.
本研究旨在通过一项前瞻性研究，探讨成年期脂肪酸、抗氧化剂的饮食摄入量与花粉症表现之间的关联。
在随访期间，从欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（EPIC）-海德堡队列中确定了334例有成人临床症状发作的花粉症病例，并与1336名对照进行匹配。通过经过验证的食物频率问卷获取饮食摄入数据。通过无条件逻辑回归估计饮食中脂肪酸和维生素摄入量对花粉症风险的影响。
油酸摄入量高与花粉症呈正相关[比值比（OR）：2.86，95%置信区间（95%CI）：1.22-6.70]，而二十碳五烯酸摄入量高与花粉症呈负相关（OR：0.45，95%CI：0.22-0.93）。此外，β-胡萝卜素摄入量高会增加花粉症风险（OR：1.69，95%CI：1.09-2.63），而维生素E摄入量增加是一个保护因素（OR：0.38，95%CI：0.17-0.85）。在分组分析中，β-胡萝卜素和维生素E的影响主要在女性和既往/当前吸烟者中观察到；在这些亚组中，亚油酸会增加花粉症风险。
总之，本研究结果进一步证明饮食因素可能会影响花粉症临床表现的风险。然而，吸烟者和女性中的影响可能表明所研究营养素的生物学机制不同，这需要进一步研究。
