Bengtsson Janne, Angelstam Per, Elmqvist Thomas, Emanuelsson Urban, Folke Carl, Ihse Margareta, Moberg Fredrik, Nyström Magnus
Dept. Ecology and Crop Production Science, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden.
Ambio. 2003 Sep;32(6):389-96. doi: 10.1579/0044-7447-32.6.389.
In a world increasingly modified by human activities, the conservation of biodiversity is essential as insurance to maintain resilient ecosystems and ensure a sustainable flow of ecosystem goods and services to society. However, existing reserves and national parks are unlikely to incorporate the long-term and large-scale dynamics of ecosystems. Hence, conservation strategies have to actively incorporate the large areas of land that are managed for human use. For ecosystems to reorganize after large-scale natural and human-induced disturbances, spatial resilience in the form of ecological memory is a prerequisite. The ecological memory is composed of the species, interactions and structures that make ecosystem reorganization possible, and its components may be found within disturbed patches as well in the surrounding landscape. Present static reserves should be complemented with dynamic reserves, such as ecological fallows and dynamic successional reserves, that are part of ecosystem management mimicking natural disturbance regimes at the landscape level.
在一个日益被人类活动改变的世界里，生物多样性保护至关重要，它是维护具有恢复力的生态系统并确保生态系统产品和服务持续向社会流动的保障。然而，现有的保护区和国家公园不太可能纳入生态系统的长期和大规模动态变化。因此，保护策略必须积极纳入为人类使用而管理的大片土地。为使生态系统在大规模自然和人为干扰后进行重组，以生态记忆形式存在的空间恢复力是一个先决条件。生态记忆由使生态系统重组成为可能的物种、相互作用和结构组成，其组成部分既可以在受干扰斑块中找到，也可以在周边景观中找到。当前的静态保护区应辅以动态保护区，如生态休耕区和动态演替保护区，这些是生态系统管理的一部分，在景观层面模拟自然干扰模式。
