Falleti Marina G, Maruff Paul, Collie Alexander, Darby David G, McStephen Michael
School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora Centre for Neuroscience, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia.
J Sleep Res. 2003 Dec;12(4):265-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2003.00363.x.
Previous studies that have quantified fatigue-related cognitive impairment as blood alcohol concentration (BAC) equivalents have been limited by two issues: the effect of practice on tests of cognition and, more importantly, the statistic used to quantify change in cognitive performance. The current study addressed these issues by adopting an ABACA design, which allowed for the adequate control of practice effects, and by using effect size metrics, which enabled direct comparisons to be made in performance impairments as a result of fatigue (i.e. sustained wakefulness of 24 h) and alcohol (i.e. BAC of 0.05%). Cognitive performance under the fatigue and alcohol conditions required the use of the CogState battery. It was demonstrated that fatigue caused greater impairment than alcohol on the speed of continuous attention and memory and learning, and on the accuracy of complex matching. Alcohol was more detrimental than fatigue only on the accuracy of memory and learning. Performances on the remaining tasks were the same for both the fatigue and alcohol conditions. These differences and similarities in performance impairment are discussed emphasizing the deleterious cognitive effects of relatively short periods of sustained wakefulness.
以往将与疲劳相关的认知障碍量化为血液酒精浓度（BAC）当量的研究受到两个问题的限制：练习对认知测试的影响，更重要的是，用于量化认知表现变化的统计方法。本研究通过采用ABACA设计解决了这些问题，该设计能够充分控制练习效应，并使用效应量指标，从而能够直接比较疲劳（即24小时持续清醒）和酒精（即BAC为0.05%）导致的认知表现损害。疲劳和酒精条件下的认知表现需要使用CogState测试组。结果表明，在持续注意力、记忆和学习速度以及复杂匹配准确性方面，疲劳比酒精造成的损害更大。仅在记忆和学习准确性方面，酒精比疲劳更具损害性。疲劳和酒精条件下其余任务的表现相同。讨论了这些表现损害方面的差异和相似之处，强调了相对较短时间的持续清醒对认知的有害影响。
