Kunde Wilfried
Department of Psychology, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle/Saale, Germany.
Psychol Res. 2004 Apr;68(2-3):91-6. doi: 10.1007/s00426-003-0147-4. Epub 2003 Nov 22.
Theories assuming an effect-based coding of action predict that motor responses become activated by the perception of the responses' sensory effects. In accordance with this prediction it was found that responding to a visual target is faster and more accurate when the target is briefly preceded by the visual effect of the required response. Most importantly, this effect-induced response priming was independent of prime perceptibility and it occurred even when the prime was not consciously discriminable. Beyond ruling out alternative interpretations of earlier induction studies in terms of deliberate response biases, this suggests that effect codes evoke their associated motor patterns in a highly automatic manner not affording conscious mediation. The results accord with a functional dissociation between the consciousness-mediated implementation and the consciousness-independent realization of action goals.
假设动作基于效果编码的理论预测，运动反应会因对反应的感觉效果的感知而被激活。根据这一预测，研究发现，当所需反应的视觉效果在视觉目标之前短暂出现时，对视觉目标的反应会更快、更准确。最重要的是，这种由效果诱发的反应启动与启动刺激的可感知性无关，即使启动刺激无法被有意识地辨别，这种现象也会发生。这不仅排除了早期诱导研究中关于刻意反应偏差的其他解释，还表明效果编码以一种高度自动的方式唤起其相关的运动模式，不涉及意识的调节。这些结果与动作目标在意识介导的执行和独立于意识的实现之间的功能分离相一致。
