Matteliano Deborah
J N Y State Nurses Assoc. 2003 Spring-Summer;34(1):4-8.
Nursing is rooted in caring for those who suffer and experience pain. As nursing has grown through the ages, technological advances and socioeconomic changes have required nurses to adapt as they continue to provide holistic, patient-centered care. Over the past century, nursing practice has been dominated by Western medical culture, resulting in a relegation of the caring-healing practices of nurses to the margins of healthcare delivery. Recent changes in the ontology of caring-healing practices are rooted in a new knowledge of complimentary practices. Advancements in behavioral sciences and the neurobiology of pain and suffering, together with an acceptance of Eastern and other healing practices, have enriched and enlightened our understanding of pain management. The recent growth of self-help and support programs has enlightened the healthcare consumer in choosing treatments. Contemporary clinical practice may now include methods that reflect the interconnectedness between the mind and body, such as biofeedback, healing touch, aromatherapy, progressive relaxation, meditation, and behavioral therapy. This article examines the historical concepts of pain and suffering that have influenced the approach to pain management and describes significant holistic methods that may be utilized by the nurse in managing pain.
护理源于对受苦和经历疼痛者的关怀。随着护理行业历经岁月发展，技术进步和社会经济变革要求护士在持续提供全面、以患者为中心的护理时做出调整。在过去的一个世纪里，护理实践一直受西方医学文化主导，导致护士的关怀治愈实践在医疗服务中被边缘化。关怀治愈实践本体论的近期变化源于对补充疗法的新认识。行为科学以及疼痛与痛苦神经生物学的进步，再加上对东方和其他治愈实践的接受，丰富并启发了我们对疼痛管理的理解。自助和支持项目近来的发展使医疗消费者在选择治疗方法时受到启发。当代临床实践现在可能包括反映身心相互联系的方法，如生物反馈、治疗性触摸、芳香疗法、渐进性放松、冥想和行为疗法。本文探讨了影响疼痛管理方法的疼痛与痛苦的历史概念，并描述了护士在管理疼痛时可能采用的重要整体方法。
