Chang Raymond C, Stout Steven, Miller Ralph R
Department of Psychology, SUNY-Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
Q J Exp Psychol B. 2004 Jan;57(1):1-23. doi: 10.1080/02724990344000015.
Three Pavlovian lick suppression studies with rats were conducted to compare the role of the conditioning context in excitatory backward and forward conditioning. The experiments explored the possibility that excitatory backward conditioning, but not forward conditioning, is mediated by the context. That is, in excitatory backward conditioning, the conditioning context may function as an excitatory mediator, which supports second-order conditioning of the target cue. This possibility contrasts with traditional accounts, which suggests that common processes underlie excitatory backward and forward conditioning. Experiment 1 found that conditioned responding following backward conditioning was attenuated as a result of posttraining extinction of the training context, but the same manipulation elevated responding after forward conditioning. Experiments 2 and 3 found that posttraining and pretraining associative inflation of the context (presenting unsignalled USs) increased conditioned responding to the target of a backward conditioning procedure but either had no effect or reduced responding to the target of a forward conditioning procedure. Thus, excitatory backward and forward conditioning appear to differ in their dependence on the status of the conditioning context.
进行了三项针对大鼠的巴甫洛夫舔舐抑制研究，以比较条件刺激情境在兴奋性逆向条件作用和正向条件作用中的作用。实验探究了兴奋性逆向条件作用而非正向条件作用由情境介导的可能性。也就是说，在兴奋性逆向条件作用中，条件刺激情境可能作为一种兴奋性介导物，支持目标线索的二级条件作用。这种可能性与传统观点形成对比，传统观点认为兴奋性逆向条件作用和正向条件作用有共同的过程。实验1发现，逆向条件作用后的条件反应因训练情境在训练后消退而减弱，但同样的操作会提高正向条件作用后的反应。实验2和实验3发现，情境的训练后和训练前联想增强（呈现无信号的非条件刺激）增加了对逆向条件作用程序目标的条件反应，但对正向条件作用程序目标要么没有影响，要么减少了反应。因此，兴奋性逆向条件作用和正向条件作用在对条件刺激情境状态的依赖性上似乎有所不同。
