Libby Lisa K
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2003 Oct;31(7):1072-81. doi: 10.3758/bf03196128.
The present experiments suggest that imagery perspective--first person (own) versus third person (observer's)--influences source-monitoring judgments. Imagination inflation (Garry, Manning, Loftus, & Sherman, 1996) occurs when imaginary experience with events is mistaken for real experience. In Experiment 1, the perspective used to visualize real past events depended on memory test wording ("remember doing?" vs. "happened to you?"). Experiment 2 manipulated the perspective used to visually imagine counterfactual events and showed that the effect on imagination inflation depended on memory test wording. Imagination inflation was most likely when memory test wording encouraged participants to visualize real events from the same perspective as they had used to imagine counterfactual ones. Imagination inflation may result not simply from having created imaginary representations of events, but also from having created representations that match the decision criteria used in source monitoring.
目前的实验表明，意象视角——第一人称（自身）与第三人称（观察者的）——会影响源监测判断。当对事件的想象体验被误认为是真实体验时，就会出现想象膨胀（加里、曼宁、洛夫特斯和谢尔曼，1996年）。在实验1中，用于可视化真实过去事件的视角取决于记忆测试的措辞（“记得做过？”与“发生在你身上？”）。实验2操纵了用于视觉想象反事实事件的视角，并表明对想象膨胀的影响取决于记忆测试的措辞。当记忆测试措辞鼓励参与者从与他们想象反事实事件相同的视角来可视化真实事件时，想象膨胀最有可能发生。想象膨胀可能不仅源于创建了事件的想象表征，还源于创建了与源监测中使用的决策标准相匹配的表征。
