Brookhuis Karel A, de Waard Dick, Samyn Nele
Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004 May;173(3-4):440-5. doi: 10.1007/s00213-003-1714-5. Epub 2004 Jan 9.
The effects of MDMA on driving behaviour are not clear, since the direct effects of MDMA on cognitive performance are reported as not generally negative.
To assess in an advanced driving simulator acute effects on simulated driving behaviour and heart rate of MDMA, and effects of polydrug use.
A group of young participants who had indicated that they regularly used MDMA were asked to complete test rides in an advanced driving simulator, shortly after the use of MDMA, just before going to a party. They were tested again after having visited the "rave", while they were under the influence of MDMA and a number of different other active drugs. Participants were also tested sober, at a comparable time at night. Separately, a control group of participants was included in the experiment.
Driving performance in the sense of lateral and longitudinal vehicle control was not greatly affected after MDMA, but deteriorated after multiple drug use. The most striking result was the apparent decreased sense for risk taking, both after MDMA and after multiple drug use. This was clear from gap acceptance data, while the ultimate indicator of unsafe driving, accident involvement or even causation, was increased by 100% and 150%, respectively.
Driving under the influence of MDMA alone is certainly not safe; however, driving back (home) after a dance party ("rave") where MDMA users regularly combine MDMA with a host of other drugs can be described as extremely dangerous.
摇头丸对驾驶行为的影响尚不清楚，因为据报道摇头丸对认知能力的直接影响一般并非负面。
在先进的驾驶模拟器中评估摇头丸对模拟驾驶行为和心率的急性影响，以及多药合用的影响。
一组表示经常使用摇头丸的年轻参与者被要求在使用摇头丸后不久、即将去参加派对之前，在先进的驾驶模拟器中完成试驾。在参加“锐舞派对”后，当他们受到摇头丸和其他多种活性药物影响时，再次对他们进行测试。参与者还在夜间的同一时间进行清醒状态下的测试。另外，实验中纳入了一组对照参与者。
从横向和纵向车辆控制方面来看，驾驶性能在服用摇头丸后并未受到很大影响，但在多药合用后有所恶化。最显著的结果是，服用摇头丸后和多药合用后，冒险意识明显下降。这从可接受车距数据中可以明显看出，而不安全驾驶的最终指标，即事故参与甚至事故原因，分别增加了100%和150%。
仅在摇头丸影响下驾驶肯定不安全；然而，在摇头丸使用者经常将摇头丸与多种其他药物合用的舞会（“锐舞派对”）后驾车回家可被描述为极其危险。
