Beta-carotene levels in exfoliated cervicovaginal epithelial cells in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to measure beta-carotene levels in exfoliated epithelial cervicovaginal cells collected by a lavage technique in normal women and patients with histopathologically diagnosed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer.

STUDY DESIGN

In a cross-sectional sampling of women (n = 105), cervicovaginal cells and plasma beta-carotene levels were assayed with high-pressure liquid chromatography. In addition, beta-carotene levels were measured in exfoliated epithelial samples of cervicovaginal cells obtained from women (n = 24) enrolled in an ongoing oral beta-carotene supplementation clinical trial.

RESULTS

Cervicovaginal cells and plasma beta-carotene levels were found to be significantly decreased in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer as compared with controls (p < 0.0001, analysis of variance). Retinol levels in cervicovaginal cells were undetectable. The beta-carotene levels in cervicovaginal cells were markedly increased in the majority of patients (79%) after oral supplementation as compared with baseline levels in women enrolled in the beta-carotene clinical trial.

CONCLUSION

The study demonstrates that changes of in situ cellular beta-carotene concentrations are measurable in samples of exfoliated epithelial cells obtained by a noninvasive saline lavage harvesting technique. The current findings further support our previous hypothesis that beta-carotene deficiency may have an etiologic role in the pathogenesis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and/or cervical cancer.