Cabizza Maddalena, Angioni Alberto, Melis Marinella, Cabras Marco, Tuberoso Carlo V, Cabras Paolo
Dipartimento di Tossicologia, Università di Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jan 28;52(2):288-93. doi: 10.1021/jf034987a.
Rotenone and rotenoids (deguelin, beta-rotenolone (12a beta-hydroxyrotenone), tephrosin (12a beta-hydroxydeguelin), 12a alpha-hydroxyrotenone, and dehydrorotenone) were determined in cubè resins and formulations. Cubè resins from Lonchocarpus contain large quantities of deguelin (ca. 21.2%) and smaller quantities of tephrosin (ca. 3.5%) and beta-rotenolone (ca. 3.0%). The composition of commercial formulations may present very different rotenoid contents depending on the extracts used to prepare them. Because these rotenoids also present insecticide activity, the efficacy of these formulations may be very different. The storage stability and photodegradation of some rotenone formulations were studied. Rotenone and rotenoids are very sensitive to solar radiation, which degrades them rapidly, with half-lives in the order of a few tens of minutes. Some formulations show greater disappearance rates than that of cubè resin, indicating that not much attention has been paid to protecting the active ingredients from photodegradation in the formulation. A study on the residues on olives was also carried out to assess not only the rotenone content, but also that of the main rotenoids. At harvest, the residues of deguelin, tephrosin, and beta-rotenolone were 0.10, 0.06, and 0.10 mg/kg, respectively, very similar to rotenone (0.08 mg/kg), and though a few data indicate similar acute toxicity values for deguelin, only rotenone is taken into consideration in the legal determination of the residue.
在古巴树脂和制剂中测定了鱼藤酮和鱼藤酮类化合物（鱼藤素、β-鱼藤醇酮（12αβ-羟基鱼藤酮）、灰叶素（12αβ-羟基鱼藤素）、12α-羟基鱼藤酮和脱氢鱼藤酮）。来自豆薯属的古巴树脂含有大量的鱼藤素（约21.2%）和少量的灰叶素（约3.5%）及β-鱼藤醇酮（约3.0%）。商业制剂的成分可能因用于制备它们的提取物不同而呈现出非常不同的鱼藤酮类化合物含量。由于这些鱼藤酮类化合物也具有杀虫活性，这些制剂的功效可能会有很大差异。研究了一些鱼藤酮制剂的储存稳定性和光降解情况。鱼藤酮和鱼藤酮类化合物对太阳辐射非常敏感，太阳辐射会使其迅速降解，半衰期仅为几十分钟左右。一些制剂的消失速率比古巴树脂的更快，这表明在制剂中对活性成分进行光降解防护方面并未给予太多关注。还开展了一项关于橄榄上残留量的研究，以评估不仅鱼藤酮的含量，还有主要鱼藤酮类化合物的含量。收获时，鱼藤素、灰叶素和β-鱼藤醇酮的残留量分别为0.10、0.06和0.10毫克/千克，与鱼藤酮（0.08毫克/千克）非常相似，尽管一些数据表明鱼藤素的急性毒性值相似，但在法定残留量测定中仅考虑鱼藤酮。
