Wilson Mary E., Chen Lin H., Barnett Elizabeth D.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Mount Auburn Hospital, 330 Mt. Auburn Street, Cambridge, MA 02238, USA.
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2004 Feb;6(1):34-42. doi: 10.1007/s11908-004-0022-5.
The yellow fever vaccine plays an essential role in protecting humans from yellow fever, and millions of doses are administered each year. The attenuated live-virus vaccine has long been considered to be among the safest and most effective vaccines. Newly recognized rare, but sometimes fatal, adverse events associated with the vaccine have prompted scrutiny of the traditional recommendations for use of the vaccine and have raised questions about their pathogenesis. This paper describes the adverse events associated with the vaccine, reviews postulated reasons for the recent recognition of these events, discusses key research questions that need to be addressed in trying to understand their origin and risk factors, and reviews current indications for the use of the vaccine. Knowledge of the epidemiology of yellow fever is necessary to make informed recommendations. Current surveillance is inadequate to provide a precise exposure risk for most travelers.
黄热病疫苗在保护人类免受黄热病侵害方面发挥着至关重要的作用，每年有数百万人接种该疫苗。长期以来，减毒活病毒疫苗一直被认为是最安全、最有效的疫苗之一。新发现的与该疫苗相关的罕见但有时致命的不良事件促使人们对疫苗使用的传统建议进行审查，并引发了关于其发病机制的疑问。本文描述了与该疫苗相关的不良事件，回顾了近期发现这些事件的假定原因，讨论了在试图了解其起源和风险因素时需要解决的关键研究问题，并回顾了该疫苗目前的使用指征。了解黄热病的流行病学对于做出明智的建议至关重要。目前的监测不足以准确提供大多数旅行者的暴露风险。
