Estimation of the daily exposure of Koreans to aflatoxin B1 through food consumption.

A survey for aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) was conducted on 88 food-grade rice samples randomly collected during July and August 2002 in Seoul, Korea. The presence of AFB(1) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the positive samples from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Besides this, from the surveying data from the literature published since 1997, the intake of AFB(1) from food in Korea was calculated and compared with the provisional maximum tolerable daily intakes. Naturally occurring AFB(1) was found in 5/88 (6%) samples of rice with an average of 4.8 ng g(-1). A calculated probable daily intake of AFB(1) for Koreans fell into the range 1.19-5.79 ng kg(-1) bw day(-1), hence exceeding the estimated provisional maximum tolerable daily intakes. In conclusion, the exposure of Koreans to AFB(1) could bring about health concerns. This is the first report discovering that rice is the major contributor to the dietary intake of AFB(1) in Korea.