Godin Isabelle, Kittel France
Département Epidémiologie et Promotion de la Santé, Unité Psychologie de la Santé, Ecole de Santé Publique de l'Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 596, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium.
Soc Sci Med. 2004 Apr;58(8):1543-53. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00345-9.
Stressful working conditions are well known to have a negative impact on the worker's health. We investigated this association in a Belgian study with a psychosocial health perspective, including individual work characteristics as well as firms' features. These data come from the first measure of the Somstress study. This is a 4 year project, initiated in 1999 and conducted in four different firms. The objective of this article is to investigate the relationships between stress, working conditions and absenteeism, self-reported health and psychosomatic complaints. Firms were selected according to their degree of structural environment and job stability. Among the four work sites, one can be considered as stable, one unstable and the remaining ones in an in-between situation. Stress is generally measured according to one of the following models: the job demands control model (Karasek) and the effort-reward imbalance model (Siegrist). We used here both models, along with the social support at work (Karasek) and overcommitment (Siegrist). Sex, age and education are important health determinants. After adjustment for those three variables and additionally for the work instability, it appeared that poor health outcomes (measured by the self-rated health, depression (SCL-90), anxiety (SCL-90), somatisation (SCL-90), chronic fatigue (Vercoulen) and reported absenteeism) are mainly associated with a low control, low social support at work, high overcommitment and high level of imbalance. Inversely, job demands do not make any significant contribution in the logistic regression models for the above-mentioned health outcomes.
众所周知，压力大的工作条件会对员工健康产生负面影响。我们在一项比利时研究中从心理社会健康角度调查了这种关联，该研究包括个体工作特征以及公司特征。这些数据来自“Somstress研究”的首次测量。这是一个为期4年的项目，于1999年启动，在四家不同的公司进行。本文的目的是调查压力、工作条件与旷工、自我报告的健康状况和身心症状之间的关系。根据结构环境程度和工作稳定性对公司进行了选择。在这四个工作地点中，一个可被视为稳定，一个不稳定，其余处于中间状态。压力通常根据以下模型之一进行测量：工作要求控制模型（卡拉克）和努力回报失衡模型（西格里斯特）。我们在这里使用了这两种模型，以及工作中的社会支持（卡拉克）和过度投入（西格里斯特）。性别、年龄和教育是重要的健康决定因素。在对这三个变量以及工作不稳定性进行调整后，结果显示健康状况不佳（通过自我评定健康、抑郁（症状自评量表90项）、焦虑（症状自评量表90项）、躯体化（症状自评量表90项）、慢性疲劳（韦尔库伦量表）和报告的旷工来衡量）主要与低控制、工作中低社会支持、高过度投入和高失衡水平相关。相反，工作要求在上述健康结果的逻辑回归模型中没有任何显著贡献。
