Triebig G, Schaller K H, Weltle D
Institute and Policlinic of Occupational- and Social Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1992;64(5):353-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00379546.
A multidisciplinary cross-sectional study was carried out in 105 spray painters with long-term solvent exposure (10-44 years) and in 58 control subjects not exposed to solvents. By means of air monitoring the solvent concentrations in the ambient air during spray painting were determined using charcoal and silicagel tubes with pumps and passive samplers. In general, the air concentrations of the individual compounds did not exceed the current limit values (MAK values). Aromatic hydrocarbons like toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g., heptane) and acetates (ethylacetate, butylacetate) were determined to be important components of paint solvents. However, in unfavorable work conditions the "exposure index" could exceed the permissible limits two or three times. To assess the body solvent load at the time of examination, biological monitoring (BM) was performed. The main finding was that there was no evidence of neurotoxicologically relevant solvent exposure. Only in the case of methyl hippuric acid in urine spot samples did the spray painters show a higher mean value (80 mg/l) than control subjects (below 20 mg/l), indicating recent xylene exposure. Elevated urinary chromium concentrations (maximum value 29 micrograms/l) were found in 28 spray painters as a result of using zinc chromate-containing wash primers without taking protective measures. To assess the degree of past solvent exposure a special questionnaire was used. This included variables like duration and amount of solvent exposure, the presence of a technical ventilation system, health complaints during painting, etc. Additionally, three "solvent exposure indices'' (SEI) were calculated and used for evaluation of "dose-effect relationships.''(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
对105名长期接触溶剂（10 - 44年）的喷漆工人和58名未接触溶剂的对照对象进行了一项多学科横断面研究。通过空气监测，使用带泵的活性炭管和硅胶管以及被动采样器测定喷漆过程中环境空气中的溶剂浓度。总体而言，各化合物的空气浓度未超过当前限值（MAK值）。甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、三甲苯等芳烃、脂肪烃（如庚烷）和醋酸酯（乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯）被确定为油漆溶剂的重要成分。然而，在不利的工作条件下，“暴露指数”可能会超过允许限值两到三倍。为了评估检查时体内的溶剂负荷，进行了生物监测（BM）。主要发现是没有证据表明存在神经毒理学相关的溶剂暴露。仅尿斑样本中的马尿酸甲酯，喷漆工人的平均值（80毫克/升）高于对照对象（低于20毫克/升），表明近期接触过二甲苯。由于在未采取防护措施的情况下使用含铬酸锌的磷化底漆，28名喷漆工人的尿铬浓度升高（最高值29微克/升）。为了评估过去溶剂暴露的程度，使用了一份特殊问卷。这包括溶剂暴露的持续时间和量、技术通风系统的存在、喷漆期间的健康投诉等变量。此外，计算了三个“溶剂暴露指数”（SEI）并用于评估“剂量 - 效应关系”。（摘要截断于250字）
