Araujo F G, Prokocimer P, Lin T, Remington J S
Research Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, California 94301.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 Nov;36(11):2454-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.36.11.2454.
The activity of the macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin was examined alone or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of acute or chronic infections with Toxoplasma gondii in mice. A dose of 300 mg of clarithromycin per kg per day administered alone for 10 days, beginning 24 hours after infection, protected 10 to 30% of mice infected with lethal inocula of tachyzoites or tissue cysts of different strains of T. gondii, including some strains isolated from patients with both AIDS and toxoplasmosis. Although clarithromycin was protective, a wide variation in its activity against different strains was observed. Survival of infected mice was increased significantly by treatment with clarithromycin in combination with pyrimethamine or with sulfadiazine. Treatment of chronically infected mice with clarithromycin at 300 mg/kg/day administered alone for 8 weeks resulted in significant reduction in the numbers of T. gondii cysts in their brains. The combination of clarithromycin and minocycline resulted in an activity against T. gondii cysts that was significantly greater than the activity of clarithromycin or minocycline administered alone. These results indicate a role for clarithromycin in the treatment of human toxoplasmosis, particularly when this antibiotic is used in combination with other drugs with activity against T. gondii.
研究了大环内酯类抗生素克拉霉素单独使用或与其他药物联合使用对小鼠急性或慢性弓形虫感染的治疗效果。感染后24小时开始，每天每千克给予300毫克克拉霉素，单独给药10天，可保护10%至30%感染不同株弓形虫速殖子或组织包囊致死接种物的小鼠，其中包括一些从艾滋病合并弓形虫病患者中分离出的菌株。虽然克拉霉素具有保护作用，但观察到其对不同菌株的活性存在很大差异。克拉霉素与乙胺嘧啶或磺胺嘧啶联合治疗可显著提高感染小鼠的存活率。对慢性感染小鼠，每天每千克给予300毫克克拉霉素单独给药8周，可使小鼠脑中弓形虫包囊数量显著减少。克拉霉素与米诺环素联合使用对弓形虫包囊的活性显著高于单独使用克拉霉素或米诺环素。这些结果表明克拉霉素在治疗人类弓形虫病中具有一定作用，特别是当这种抗生素与其他对弓形虫有活性的药物联合使用时。
