Brédart S, Valentine T
Cognitive Neuropsychology Unit, University of Louvain, Belgium.
Cognition. 1992 Dec;45(3):187-223. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90017-c.
Functional models of face recognition and speech production have developed separately. However, naming a familiar face is, of course, an act of speech production. In this paper we propose a revision of Bruce and Young's (1986) model of face processing, which incorporates two features of Levelt's (1989) model of speech production. In particular, the proposed model includes two stages of lexical access for names and monitoring of face naming based on a "perceptual loop". Two predictions were derived from the perceptual loop hypothesis of speech monitoring: (1) naming errors in which a (correct) rare surname is erroneously replaced by a common surname should occur more frequently than the reverse substitution (the error asymmetry effect); (2) naming errors in which a common surname is articulated are more likely to be repaired than errors which result in articulation of a rare surname (the error-repairing effect). Both predictions were supported by an analysis of face naming errors in a laboratory face naming task. In a further experiment we considered the possibility that the effects of surname frequency observed in face naming errors could be explained by the frequency sensitivity of lexical access in speech production. However, no effect of the frequency of the surname of the faces used in the previous experiment was found on face naming latencies. Therefore, it is concluded that the perceptual loop hypothesis provides the more parsimonious account of the entire pattern of the results.
人脸识别和言语产生的功能模型是分别发展起来的。然而，说出一张熟悉面孔的名字，当然是一种言语产生行为。在本文中，我们提议对布鲁斯和扬（1986）的面部加工模型进行修订，该修订纳入了莱尔特（1989）言语产生模型的两个特征。具体而言，所提出的模型包括名字词汇通达的两个阶段以及基于“感知环路”对面部命名的监控。从言语监控的感知环路假设得出了两个预测：（1）将一个（正确的）罕见姓氏错误地替换为常见姓氏的命名错误，应该比相反的替换（错误不对称效应）更频繁地出现；（2）说出常见姓氏的命名错误比导致说出罕见姓氏的错误更有可能得到纠正（错误纠正效应）。这两个预测都得到了一项实验室面部命名任务中面部命名错误分析的支持。在进一步的实验中，我们考虑了在面部命名错误中观察到的姓氏频率效应可能由言语产生中词汇通达的频率敏感性来解释的可能性。然而，在前一个实验中使用的面孔的姓氏频率，对面部命名潜伏期没有影响。因此，得出的结论是，感知环路假设为整个结果模式提供了更简洁的解释。
