Giles-Corti B, English D R, Costa C, Milne E, Cross D, Johnston R
School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009.
Health Educ Res. 2004 Feb;19(1):98-109. doi: 10.1093/her/cyg003.
Kidskin was a sun-protection intervention study involving 1776 children attending 33 primary schools in Perth, Western Australia. There were three study groups: a control group, a moderate intervention group and a high intervention group. In addition to receiving a specially designed curricular intervention (1995-1998), the moderate and high intervention groups received an environmental intervention aimed at creating SunSmart schools (1996-1998). The environmental intervention focused on encouraging implementation of 'No hat, no play' policies and reducing sun exposure at lunchtime. In 1995 and 1998, observational methods were used to measure children's lunchtime sun exposure (i.e. polysulfone film badges) and hat wearing (i.e. video-taping of children). The proportion of children wearing broad-brimmed hats or legionnaire caps increased in seven of the eight high intervention schools between 1995 and 1998. In three schools, however, the impact was very positive with almost all children wearing these hats in 1998. There was no improvement in wearing these types of hats in either the moderate intervention group or the control group. In terms of sun exposure, there were only small non-significant differences among the three groups in terms of lunchtime sun exposure. The Kidskin program had a positive effect on hat wearing in the playground, but did not change children's use of shade at lunchtime. In this study, disseminating policy guidelines to schools using a mail-only strategy was ineffective, even when combined with an awards program. More information on 'champions' who bring about change in schools is required.
儿童皮肤防晒干预研究涉及西澳大利亚珀斯33所小学的1776名儿童。该研究有三个组：一个对照组、一个中度干预组和一个高度干预组。除了接受特别设计的课程干预（1995 - 1998年）外，中度和高度干预组还接受了旨在创建阳光智能学校的环境干预（1996 - 1998年）。环境干预重点是鼓励实施“不戴帽子，不得玩耍”政策，并减少午餐时间的阳光照射。1995年和1998年，采用观察方法测量儿童午餐时间的阳光照射情况（即聚砜薄膜徽章）和戴帽情况（即对儿童进行录像）。在1995年至1998年期间，八所高度干预学校中的七所，戴宽边帽或军团帽的儿童比例有所增加。然而，在三所学校，影响非常积极，1998年几乎所有儿童都戴着这些帽子。中度干预组或对照组在佩戴这类帽子方面没有改善。在阳光照射方面，三组在午餐时间的阳光照射方面只有微小的、不显著的差异。儿童皮肤防晒项目对操场上的戴帽情况有积极影响，但没有改变儿童午餐时间使用遮阳设施的情况。在本研究中，仅通过邮件向学校传播政策指南是无效的，即使与奖励计划相结合也是如此。需要更多关于在学校带来变革的“倡导者”的信息。
