Whitney David J, Lindell Michael K, Nguyen Hannah-Hanh D
Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840-0901, USA.
Risk Anal. 2004 Feb;24(1):87-102. doi: 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00414.x.
This study investigated the prevalence of both accurate and erroneous earthquake-related beliefs among a sample of Southern California college students and the relationship between their endorsement of earthquake beliefs and adoption of seismic hazard adjustments. In addition, the study examined the effects of an experimental earthquake education program and the impact of need for cognition on this program. The data revealed a significant degree of agreement with earthquake myths, a generally low level of correlation between earthquake beliefs and the level of hazard adjustments, and a significant effect of hazard information on the endorsement of accurate earthquake beliefs and increases in hazard adjustment. Compared with the "Earthquake Facts (Only)" format, an "Earthquake Myths versus Facts" format was slightly more useful for dispelling erroneous beliefs. Further, there was a tendency for those who were high in need for cognition to have higher levels of hazard adjustment. Finally, there was weak support for the hypothesis that those who were low in need for cognition would develop more accurate earthquake beliefs and higher levels of hazard adjustment in the "Earthquake Myths versus Facts" information condition.
本研究调查了南加州大学生样本中准确和错误的地震相关信念的流行情况，以及他们对地震信念的认同与采取地震灾害应对措施之间的关系。此外，该研究还考察了一项实验性地震教育项目的效果以及认知需求对该项目的影响。数据显示，对地震谣言存在显著程度的认同，地震信念与灾害应对水平之间的相关性普遍较低，灾害信息对准确地震信念的认同和灾害应对措施的增加有显著影响。与“仅地震事实”形式相比，“地震谣言与事实”形式在消除错误信念方面略有用处。此外，认知需求高的人有采取更高水平灾害应对措施的倾向。最后，对于认知需求低的人在“地震谣言与事实”信息条件下会形成更准确的地震信念和更高水平的灾害应对措施这一假设，仅有微弱的支持证据。
