Hanewinkel Reiner, Asshauer Martin
Institute for Therapy.ealth Research, IFT-Nord, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
Health Educ Res. 2004 Apr;19(2):125-37. doi: 10.1093/her/cyg018.
The life-skills approach to smoking prevention was tested in this study. In total, 1024 pupils (mean age 11.4 years, SD = 0.90) from Austria, Denmark, Luxembourg and Germany were recruited as an experimental group, and a sample of 834 matched pupils served as a control group. While the pupils from the control group received no specific intervention, the pupils in the experimental group participated in an intervention programme which was based on the life-skills approach and consisted of 21 sessions. The aims of the programme were to promote fundamental social competencies and coping skills. In addition, specific information on cigarette smoking was given and skills for resisting social influences to smoke were rehearsed. The programme was conducted by trained school teachers during a course of 4 months. Anonymous questionnaires were administrated (1) before the programme was implemented and (2) 15 months after the programme had started. Teachers as well as pupils showed a high level of satisfaction with the programme idea and the materials. With regard to the outcome variables, the programme had no differential effect on current smoking (4-week prevalence). The programme showed a weak effect (P < 0.1) on lifetime smoking prevalence and experimental smoking. There was also an effect of the programme on smoking knowledge, on the social competences of the pupils as well as on the classroom climate. No effects were found on susceptibility to smoking among never-smokers, attitudes towards smoking and the perceived positive consequences of smoking. The results indicate that prevention programmes that are run for only a few months can have a positive impact on variables considered to be protective with regard to smoking uptake.
本研究对预防吸烟的生活技能方法进行了测试。总共招募了来自奥地利、丹麦、卢森堡和德国的1024名学生（平均年龄11.4岁，标准差=0.90）作为实验组，834名匹配学生的样本作为对照组。对照组的学生未接受任何特定干预，而实验组的学生参加了一个基于生活技能方法的干预项目，该项目由21节课程组成。该项目的目标是促进基本的社会能力和应对技能。此外，还提供了关于吸烟的具体信息，并演练了抵制吸烟社会影响的技能。该项目由经过培训的学校教师在4个月的课程中实施。在项目实施前和项目开始15个月后进行了匿名问卷调查。教师和学生对项目理念和材料都表现出高度满意。关于结果变量，该项目对当前吸烟（四周患病率）没有差异影响。该项目对终生吸烟患病率和尝试吸烟有微弱影响（P<0.1）。该项目对吸烟知识、学生的社会能力以及课堂氛围也有影响。在从不吸烟者对吸烟的易感性、对吸烟的态度以及对吸烟的感知积极后果方面未发现影响。结果表明，仅持续几个月的预防项目可以对被认为对吸烟有保护作用的变量产生积极影响。
