Xanthoma disseminatum with large plaques confined to the back, pulmonary involvement and multiple intestinal xanthomas.

Xanthoma disseminatum (XD) is a rare benign mucocutaneous xanthomatosis that is classified as a benign non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. We report a 68-year-old man who presented with peculiar, large plaques confined to the back 7 years after the onset of cranial diabetes insipidus. Histopathological features of the cutaneous lesions were typical of XD. The patient had lower respiratory tract involvement with histiocytic infiltrates, which was unresponsive to various treatments and resulted in a fatal outcome. Gastrointestinal endoscopies revealed multiple xanthomas in the sigmoid colon and the rectum. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of intestinal xanthomas associated with XD.