Kochanska G, Kuczynski L, Radke-Yarrow M
Laboratory of Developmental Psychology, NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Child Dev. 1989 Feb;60(1):56-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02694.x.
The correspondence between self-reported child-rearing attitudes and practices and actual child management was examined among 68 mothers of young children. Data on mothers' verbal and physical control techniques along with children's responses (cooperation vs. resistance) were obtained during 90 min of spontaneous interaction in a naturalistic setting. Self-report data (the Block Q-Sort) were obtained 1-2 weeks later. The Block Q-Sort factors were combined to represent authoritarian and authoritative patterns of attitudes. The authoritarian pattern was positively associated with the use of direct commands, physical enforcements, reprimands, and prohibitive interventions, and negatively associated with the use of suggestions. The authoritative pattern was positively related to the use of suggestions and positive incentives, and negatively related to the use of physical enforcements, prohibitive interventions, and direct commands. Mothers' enjoyment of the parental role and their negative affect toward the child, as expressed in the Block Q-Sort, were more a result of the child's cooperation/resistance during the interaction than predictors of maternal control strategies.
在68位幼儿母亲中，研究了自我报告的育儿态度和行为与实际育儿方式之间的对应关系。在自然环境下90分钟的自发互动中，收集了母亲的言语和身体控制技巧以及孩子的反应（合作与抗拒）的数据。1至2周后收集了自我报告数据（Block Q分类法）。Block Q分类法的因素被合并起来以代表专制和权威的态度模式。专制模式与直接命令、身体强制、斥责和禁止性干预的使用呈正相关，与建议的使用呈负相关。权威模式与建议和积极激励措施的使用呈正相关，与身体强制、禁止性干预和直接命令的使用呈负相关。在Block Q分类法中所表达的母亲对育儿角色的享受以及她们对孩子的负面情绪，更多是互动期间孩子合作/抗拒的结果，而非母亲控制策略的预测因素。
