Maisonet Mildred, Correa Adolfo, Misra Dawn, Jaakkola Jouni J K
Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA.
Environ Res. 2004 May;95(1):106-15. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2004.01.001.
A systematic review of the literature on the effects of air pollution on low birth weight (LBW) and its determinants, preterm delivery (PTD) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), was conducted. Twelve epidemiologic investigations that addressed the impact of air pollution on four pregnancy outcomes were identified. Results were analyzed separately for each perinatal outcome because of differences in pathogenic mechanisms. Effects of air pollution were apparent on PTD and IUGR, but not on LBW. Most of the associations reported were rather small. The estimation of summary effects was not meaningful because of the heterogeneity of the effect estimates arising from differences in the measurements of outcome, exposure, and confounders and the small number of studies per outcome (four studies for PTD and six for IUGR). Current scientific knowledge on the impact of air pollution on fetal growth is still limited; thus, several issues should be examined further.
我们对空气污染对低出生体重（LBW）及其决定因素、早产（PTD）和宫内生长受限（IUGR）影响的文献进行了系统综述。我们确定了12项涉及空气污染对四种妊娠结局影响的流行病学调查。由于致病机制不同，我们对每个围产期结局分别进行了结果分析。空气污染对早产和宫内生长受限有明显影响，但对低出生体重没有影响。报告的大多数关联都相当小。由于结局、暴露和混杂因素测量方法的差异导致效应估计存在异质性，且每个结局的研究数量较少（早产4项研究，宫内生长受限6项研究），因此汇总效应的估计没有意义。目前关于空气污染对胎儿生长影响的科学知识仍然有限；因此，有几个问题需要进一步研究。
