Sheldon Kennon M, Ryan Richard M, Deci Edward L, Kasser Tim
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2004 Apr;30(4):475-86. doi: 10.1177/0146167203261883.
The assertion that both the content of goals and the motives behind goals affect psychological well-being has been controversial. Three studies examined this issue directly, showing that both what goals people pursue (i.e., whether they strive for extrinsic vs. intrinsic goal contents) and why people pursue them (i.e., whether they strive for autonomous vs. controlled motives) make significant independent contributions to psychological well-being. The pattern emerged in between-person and within-person studies of cross-sectional well-being and also emerged in a year-long study of prospective change in well-being. Implications for prescriptive theories of happiness are discussed.
目标的内容和目标背后的动机都会影响心理健康，这一观点一直存在争议。三项研究直接考察了这个问题，结果表明，人们追求的目标（即他们追求的是外在目标内容还是内在目标内容）以及追求这些目标的原因（即他们追求的是自主动机还是受控动机）都对心理健康做出了显著的独立贡献。这种模式在横断面幸福感的个体间和个体内研究中都出现了，并且在一项为期一年的幸福感前瞻性变化研究中也出现了。文中还讨论了对幸福规范性理论的启示。
