Burke V, Beilin L J, Simmer K, Oddy W H, Blake K V, Doherty D, Kendall G E, Newnham J P, Landau L I, Stanley F J
School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital and Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Perth, Australia.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2005 Jan;29(1):15-23. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802750.
To examine predictors of body mass index (BMI) at the age of 8 y in a prospective study of Australian children.
Longitudinal survey of a cohort of Australian children followed from the 16th week of gestation to 8 y.
In total, 741 boys and 689 girls who attended the survey as 8 y olds.
Weight and height, blood pressure measured by automated oscillometry, fasting blood lipids and glucose. Questionnaire assessment of activity and diet.
Proportions of overweight including obesity in boys and girls were, respectively, 22 and 25% at 1 y, 14 and 14% at 3 y, 13 and 18% at 5 y and 15 and 20% at 8 y. At the age of 1, 3, 6 and 8 y, children with overweight including obesity showed significantly more adverse cardiovascular risk factors. Blood pressure (BP) was significantly higher by 2/3 mmHg (systolic/diastolic) at 1 y, 3/2 mmHg at 3 y, 4/2 mmHg at 5 y and 6/2 mmHg at 8 y; HDL was significantly lower (P=0.002) by 8% and triglycerides were significantly higher by 27% (P<0.001). In multivariate regression, BMI at the age of 8 y was significantly predicted positively by birth weight, mother's BMI and hours spent in watching television at the time of the survey of 6 y olds. Mothers being ex-smokers or non smokers and children being 'slightly active' and 'active' negatively predicted BMI in 8 y olds. In a subset of 298 children with information about fathers, paternal BMI was an additional independent predictor. Maternal or paternal overweight including obesity each independently increased risk of overweight including obesity at the age of 8 y three-fold. A food factor with consumption of cereals and breads as the major components derived from a Food Frequency Questionnaire in a subset of 340 children was also an independent negative predictor of BMI in multivariate models.
The increasing rate of overweight including obesity, particularly in girls, is associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk factors very early in life. Improvement of health-related behaviours within the family and a focus on promotion of activity in children should be priorities in achieving weight control.
在一项针对澳大利亚儿童的前瞻性研究中，探究8岁时体重指数（BMI）的预测因素。
对一组从妊娠第16周开始追踪至8岁的澳大利亚儿童进行纵向调查。
共有741名男孩和689名女孩在8岁时参加了此次调查。
体重和身高、通过自动振荡测量法测量血压、空腹血脂和血糖。通过问卷调查评估活动情况和饮食。
1岁时，男孩和女孩超重（包括肥胖）的比例分别为22%和25%；3岁时为14%和14%；5岁时为13%和18%；8岁时为15%和20%。在1岁、3岁、6岁和8岁时，超重（包括肥胖）的儿童表现出明显更多的不良心血管危险因素。1岁时收缩压/舒张压显著升高2/3 mmHg，3岁时升高3/2 mmHg，5岁时升高4/2 mmHg，8岁时升高6/2 mmHg；高密度脂蛋白（HDL）显著降低8%（P = 0.002），甘油三酯显著升高27%（P < 0.001）。在多变量回归分析中，8岁时的BMI由出生体重、母亲的BMI以及6岁儿童调查时看电视的时长正向显著预测。母亲为曾经吸烟者或非吸烟者以及儿童为“轻度活跃”和“活跃”状态对8岁儿童的BMI有负向预测作用。在有父亲信息的298名儿童子集中父亲的BMI是另一个独立的预测因素。母亲或父亲超重（包括肥胖）各自独立地使8岁时超重（包括肥胖）的风险增加了两倍。在340名儿童子集中，来自食物频率问卷的以谷物和面包消费为主要成分的食物因素在多变量模型中也是BMI的一个独立负向预测因素。
超重（包括肥胖）率不断上升，尤其是在女孩中，与生命早期心血管危险因素的增加有关联。改善家庭中与健康相关的行为并注重促进儿童活动应成为控制体重的首要任务。
