Sofi F, Vecchio S, Giuliani G, Martinelli F, Marcucci R, Gori A M, Fedi S, Casini A, Surrenti C, Abbate R, Gensini G F
Department of Medical and Surgical Critical Care, Thrombosis Centre, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 85, Florence, Italy.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Apr;59(4):584-91. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602112.
To evaluate dietary habits and lifestyle of Italian subjects, to provide current data on adequacy of the nutritional guidelines and recommendations especially in relation to primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and to assess the influence of dietary habits on lipid profile and homocysteine levels.
Cross-sectional.
Population-based study.
A sample of 520 clinically healthy subjects (211 males, 309 females) with a mean age of 46 y, living in Florence area, Italy.
Dietary pattern was assessed by trained dietitians through a semiquantitative food questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were drawn for assessment of lipid profile, homocysteine and circulating vitamins.
Contribution from total fats was over 30% in about 70% of subjects and intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was above the recommended values in at least 40% of the study population. Furthermore, almost the whole (99.6%) population reported low intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). High levels of total cholesterol were present in over 40% of the study population, whereas abnormal values of LDL-cholesterol were observed in about 30%. High levels of homocysteine were found in 11.7% of the study population. An extremely high percentage of subjects reported low intake of vitamins, especially with regard to folic acid (89%), vitamin B(6) (70.1%) and vitamin E (99.6%). In a multiple linear regression model, circulating levels of vitamin B(12) and folic acid, and intake of alcohol and vitamin C resulted in being independently associated with homocysteine plasma levels.
In a typical Mediterranean country, general outlines of Mediterranean diet are not completely followed, especially concerning total fats, SFA, PUFA and vitamins' intake.
Ministero della Salute (Italy) - 'Progetto per la Salute e la Prevenzione di Malattia' 2001-2003.
评估意大利受试者的饮食习惯和生活方式，提供有关营养指南和建议充足性的当前数据，特别是与心血管疾病一级预防相关的数据，并评估饮食习惯对血脂谱和同型半胱氨酸水平的影响。
横断面研究。
基于人群的研究。
520名临床健康受试者（211名男性，309名女性）组成的样本，平均年龄46岁，居住在意大利佛罗伦萨地区。
由训练有素的营养师通过半定量食物问卷评估饮食模式。采集空腹血样以评估血脂谱、同型半胱氨酸和循环维生素。
约70%的受试者总脂肪贡献超过30%，至少40%的研究人群饱和脂肪酸（SFA）摄入量高于推荐值。此外，几乎全部（99.6%）人群报告多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）摄入量低。超过40%的研究人群总胆固醇水平高，约30%观察到低密度脂蛋白胆固醇值异常。11.7%的研究人群同型半胱氨酸水平高。极高比例的受试者报告维生素摄入量低，尤其是叶酸（89%）、维生素B6（70.1%）和维生素E（99.6%）。在多元线性回归模型中，维生素B12和叶酸的循环水平以及酒精和维生素C的摄入量与同型半胱氨酸血浆水平独立相关。
在一个典型的地中海国家，地中海饮食的总体轮廓未得到完全遵循，尤其是在总脂肪、SFA、PUFA和维生素摄入方面。
意大利卫生部——“2001 - 2003年健康与疾病预防项目”
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