Young R McD, Lawford B R, Nutting A, Noble E P
School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
Addict Behav. 2004 Sep;29(7):1275-94. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.06.012.
Substance misuse is influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Recent research has identified a number of potential genetic markers of risk and those associated with drug reward substrates show particular promise. The current study reexamines the extant published data of the association between the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene minor Taq 1A (A1) allele and substance misuse risk. A series of meta-analyses was performed on 64 studies examining DRD2 A1+ allelic status and substance misuse. In addition, personality was examined as a possible endophenotype. Significant association was found between the A1 allele and severe substance dependence in both Caucasian and non-Caucasian groups. The data did not support a significant association between the A1 allele and personality features. While the specific mechanism underlying these associations requires further elucidation, this genetic marker shows promise as a marker of brain reinforcement processes. Possible ways of utilising the A1 allele to inform prevention and treatment initiatives are discussed.
物质滥用受多种遗传和环境因素影响。近期研究已确定了一些潜在的风险遗传标记，而那些与药物奖赏底物相关的标记显示出特别的前景。本研究重新审视了已发表的关于D2多巴胺受体（DRD2）基因小Taq 1A（A1）等位基因与物质滥用风险之间关联的现有数据。对64项研究进行了一系列荟萃分析，这些研究考察了DRD2 A1 +等位基因状态与物质滥用情况。此外，还将人格作为一种可能的内表型进行了研究。在白种人和非白种人群体中均发现A1等位基因与严重物质依赖之间存在显著关联。数据不支持A1等位基因与人格特征之间存在显著关联。虽然这些关联背后的具体机制需要进一步阐明，但这种遗传标记有望成为大脑强化过程的一个标记。文中讨论了利用A1等位基因指导预防和治疗措施的可能方法。
