孵化行为成瘾的蛋：奖励缺陷解决方案系统（RDSS）作为多巴胺能神经遗传学和将所有成瘾联系在一起的大脑功能连接的功能，在一个共同的范畴下。
Hatching the behavioral addiction egg: Reward Deficiency Solution System (RDSS)™ as a function of dopaminergic neurogenetics and brain functional connectivity linking all addictions under a common rubric.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA ; Department of Clinical Medicine, Malibu Beach Recovery Center, Malibu Beach, CA, USA ; Department of Personalized Medicine, IGENE, LLC, Austin, TX, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
出版信息
J Behav Addict. 2014 Sep;3(3):149-56. doi: 10.1556/JBA.3.2014.019. Epub 2014 Aug 26.
BACKGROUND
Following the first association between the dopamine D2 receptor gene polymorphism and severe alcoholism, there has been an explosion of research reports in the psychiatric and behavioral addiction literature and neurogenetics. With this increased knowledge, the field has been rife with controversy. Moreover, with the advent of Whole Genome-Wide Studies (GWAS) and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES), along with Functional Genome Convergence, the multiple-candidate gene approach still has merit and is considered by many as the most prudent approach. However, it is the combination of these two approaches that will ultimately define real, genetic allelic relationships, in terms of both risk and etiology. Since 1996, our laboratory has coined the umbrella term Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) to explain the common neurochemical and genetic mechanisms involved with both substance and non-substance, addictive behaviors.
METHODS
This is a selective review of peer-reviewed papers primary listed in Pubmed and Medline.
RESULTS
A review of the available evidence indicates the importance of dopaminergic pathways and resting-state, functional connectivity of brain reward circuits.
DISCUSSION
Importantly, the proposal is that the real phenotype is RDS and impairments in the brain's reward cascade, either genetically or environmentally (epigenetically) induced, influence both substance and non-substance, addictive behaviors. Understanding shared common mechanisms will ultimately lead to better diagnosis, treatment and prevention of relapse. While, at this juncture, we cannot as yet state that we have "hatched the behavioral addiction egg", we are beginning to ask the correct questions and through an intense global effort will hopefully find a way of "redeeming joy" and permitting homo sapiens live a life, free of addiction and pain.
背景
在多巴胺 D2 受体基因多态性与重度酗酒首次关联之后，精神疾病学和行为成瘾学文献以及神经遗传学领域的研究报告如雨后春笋般涌现。随着相关知识的增加，该领域充满了争议。此外，随着全基因组关联研究（GWAS）和全外显子组测序（WES）的出现，以及功能基因组的融合，多候选基因方法仍然具有重要意义，并且被许多人认为是最谨慎的方法。但是，正是这两种方法的结合，最终将确定真正的遗传等位基因关系，无论是在风险还是病因方面。自 1996 年以来，我们的实验室创造了“奖励缺陷综合征（RDS）”这一总称，以解释涉及物质和非物质成瘾行为的共同神经化学和遗传机制。
方法
这是对主要在 Pubmed 和 Medline 上列出的同行评审论文的选择性综述。
结果
对现有证据的回顾表明了多巴胺能途径和大脑奖励回路静息状态、功能连接的重要性。
讨论
重要的是，该建议是真正的表型是 RDS，以及大脑奖励级联中无论是遗传还是环境（表观遗传）引起的功能障碍，都会影响物质和非物质成瘾行为。理解共同的共同机制最终将导致更好的诊断、治疗和预防复发。虽然在这一阶段，我们还不能说我们已经“孵化了行为成瘾的鸡蛋”，但我们已经开始提出正确的问题，并通过全球的努力，希望找到一种“赎回欢乐”的方法，使智人能够过上没有成瘾和痛苦的生活。
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