与吸烟相关的职业风险：一项前瞻性研究。
Occupational risks associated with cigarette smoking: a prospective study.
作者信息
Ryan J, Zwerling C, Orav E J
机构信息
East Boston Neighborhood Health Center, MA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 1992 Jan;82(1):29-32. doi: 10.2105/ajph.82.1.29.
BACKGROUND
Studies have indicated that cigarette smokers have more occupational accidents and injuries and use more sick time and health benefits than nonsmokers, thereby producing sizeable costs for employers. However, they usually have not controlled for other possible sources of these costs. We analyzed occupational costs associated with smoking while adjusting for a number of potential confounders.
METHODS
We conducted a prospective, controlled study of the association between smoking and employment outcomes in 2537 postal employees, adjusting for age, gender, race, drug use, job category, and exercise habits.
RESULTS
For smokers, the relative risk for turnover was 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-1.21); for accidents 1.29 (CI, 1.07-1.55); for injuries 1.40 (CI, 1.11-1.77); for discipline 1.55 (CI, 1.19-2.02). Their mean absence rate was 5.43% compared with 4.06% for nonsmokers.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study shows that cigarette smoking is associated with adverse employment outcomes after controlling for a number of possible confounders. This finding has implications for companies formulating smoking policies and considering the establishment of smoking cessation programs.
背景
研究表明，与不吸烟者相比，吸烟者发生的职业事故和受伤情况更多，使用的病假时间和健康福利更多，从而给雇主带来相当大的成本。然而，他们通常没有控制这些成本的其他可能来源。我们在对一些潜在混杂因素进行调整的同时，分析了与吸烟相关的职业成本。
方法
我们对2537名邮政员工进行了一项关于吸烟与就业结果之间关联的前瞻性对照研究，对年龄、性别、种族、药物使用、工作类别和运动习惯进行了调整。
结果
吸烟者的离职相对风险为1.01（95%置信区间[CI]，0.83 - 1.21）；事故相对风险为1.29（CI，1.07 - 1.55）；受伤相对风险为1.40（CI，1.11 - 1.77）；纪律处分相对风险为1.55（CI，1.19 - 2.02）。他们的平均缺勤率为5.43%，而不吸烟者为4.06%。
结论
我们的研究表明，在控制了一些可能的混杂因素后，吸烟与不良就业结果相关。这一发现对制定吸烟政策和考虑设立戒烟项目的公司具有启示意义。
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