Moreno Juan Antonio, Pérez-Jiménez Francisco, Marín Carmen, Gómez Purificación, Pérez-Martínez Pablo, Moreno Rafael, Bellido Cecilia, Fuentes Francisco, López-Miranda José
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
J Nutr. 2004 Oct;134(10):2517-22. doi: 10.1093/jn/134.10.2517.
LDL particle size is dependent on both genetic factors and environmental factors such as dietary fat composition. The apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype is a major genetic determinant of LDL size. Thus, the aim of this work was to study whether the apoE genotype interacts with the quantity and quality of dietary fat, modifying LDL size in young healthy subjects. Healthy subjects (n = 84; 66 apoE 3/3, 8 apoE 4/3, 10 apoE 3/2) were subjected to 3 dietary periods, each lasting 4 wk. The first was an SFA-enriched diet (38% fat, 20% SFA), which was followed by a carbohydrate (CHO)-rich diet (30% fat, < 10% SFA, 55% carbohydrate) or a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) olive oil-rich diet (38% fat, 22% MUFA) following a randomized crossover design. At the end of each diet period, LDL particle size and plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-C, apoB, apoA-I, and triacylglycerols were determined. LDL particle size was significantly higher (P < 0.04) in subjects with the apoE 4/3 genotype compared with those with apoE 3/3 and apoE 3/2 in the basal state. LDL size was smaller (P < 0.02) after the CHO diet than after the MUFA or SFA diets. After the CHO diet, a significant increase in LDL particle size (P < 0.035) was noted with respect to the MUFA diet in apoE 4/3 subjects, whereas a significant decrease was observed in the apoE 3/3 individuals (P < 0.043). In conclusion, a Mediterranean diet, high in MUFA-fat increases LDL particle size compared with a CHO diet, and this effect is dependent of apoE genotypes.
低密度脂蛋白（LDL）颗粒大小取决于遗传因素和环境因素，如膳食脂肪组成。载脂蛋白E（apoE）基因型是LDL大小的主要遗传决定因素。因此，本研究的目的是探讨apoE基因型是否与膳食脂肪的数量和质量相互作用，从而改变年轻健康受试者的LDL大小。健康受试者（n = 84；66例apoE 3/3、8例apoE 4/3、10例apoE 3/2）接受3个饮食阶段，每个阶段持续4周。第一个阶段是富含饱和脂肪酸（SFA）的饮食（38%脂肪，20% SFA），随后按照随机交叉设计，分别给予高碳水化合物（CHO）饮食（30%脂肪，< 10% SFA，55%碳水化合物）或富含单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）的橄榄油饮食（38%脂肪，22% MUFA）。在每个饮食阶段结束时，测定LDL颗粒大小以及总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、载脂蛋白B、载脂蛋白A-I和三酰甘油的血浆水平。在基础状态下，apoE 4/3基因型受试者的LDL颗粒大小显著高于（P < 0.04）apoE 3/3和apoE 3/2基因型受试者。CHO饮食后LDL大小小于（P < 0.02）MUFA或SFA饮食后。CHO饮食后，apoE 4/3受试者相对于MUFA饮食的LDL颗粒大小显著增加（P < 0.035），而apoE 3/3个体则显著减小（P < 0.043）。总之，与CHO饮食相比，富含MUFA脂肪的地中海饮食可增加LDL颗粒大小，且这种效应取决于apoE基因型。
