Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney with Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
JAMA Dermatol. 2022 May 1;158(5):495-503. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.0160.
Despite many cases being preventable, cutaneous melanoma remains the most serious skin cancer worldwide. Understanding the scale and profile of the disease is vital to concentrate and reinforce global prevention efforts.
To examine global patterns of cutaneous melanoma in 2020 and to provide projected estimates of cases and deaths by 2040.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This population-based study used the GLOBOCAN 2020 database for global epidemiological assessment of new cases and deaths due to invasive melanoma.
Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated per 100 000 person-years by country, world region, and 4-tier level of human development. Estimated numbers of cases and deaths were calculated for the year 2040.
A worldwide total of 325 000 new melanoma cases (174 000 males, 151 000 females) and 57 000 deaths (32 000 males, 25 000 females) was estimated for 2020. Large geographic variations existed across countries and world regions, with the highest incidence rates among males (42 per 100 000 person-years) and females (31 per 100 000 person-years) observed in Australia/New Zealand, followed by Western Europe (19 per 100 000 person-years for males and females), North America (18 per 100 000 person-years for males, 14 per 100 000 person-years for females), and Northern Europe (17 per 100 000 person-years for males, 18 per 100 000 person-years for females). Melanoma continued to be rare in most African and Asian countries, with incidence rates commonly less than 1 per 100 000 person-years. Mortality rates peaked at 5 per 100 000 person-years in New Zealand, and geographic variations were less pronounced than for incidence. Melanoma was more frequent among males than females in most world regions. If 2020 rates continue, the burden from melanoma is estimated to increase to 510 000 new cases (a roughly 50% increase) and to 96 000 deaths (a 68% increase) by 2040.
This epidemiological assessment suggests that melanoma remains an important challenge to cancer control and public health globally, especially in fair-skinned populations of European descent.
尽管许多病例是可以预防的，但皮肤黑色素瘤仍然是全球最严重的皮肤癌。了解疾病的规模和特征对于集中和加强全球预防工作至关重要。
检查 2020 年全球皮肤黑色素瘤的模式，并提供 2040 年预计病例和死亡人数的预测估计。
设计、设置和参与者：本基于人群的研究使用 GLOBOCAN 2020 数据库对新侵袭性黑色素瘤病例和死亡进行全球流行病学评估。
按国家、世界区域和人类发展的 4 个层次，计算每 10 万人年的年龄标准化发病率和死亡率。计算了 2040 年的预计病例数和死亡人数。
2020 年全球估计有 325000 例新黑色素瘤病例（男性 174000 例，女性 151000 例）和 57000 例死亡（男性 32000 例，女性 25000 例）。各国和世界区域之间存在较大的地域差异，男性（42/10 万人口年）和女性（31/10 万人口年）发病率最高的国家为澳大利亚/新西兰，其次是西欧（男性和女性均为 19/10 万人口年）、北美（男性 18/10 万人口年，女性 14/10 万人口年）和北欧（男性 17/10 万人口年，女性 18/10 万人口年）。黑色素瘤在大多数非洲和亚洲国家仍然很少见，发病率通常低于 1/10 万人口年。在新西兰，死亡率最高达到 5/10 万人口年，与发病率相比，地域差异不太明显。在大多数世界区域，黑色素瘤在男性中比女性更常见。如果继续保持 2020 年的发病率，预计到 2040 年，黑色素瘤的负担将增加到 510000 例新病例（约增加 50%）和 96000 例死亡（增加 68%）。
这项流行病学评估表明，黑色素瘤仍然是全球癌症控制和公共卫生的一个重要挑战，尤其是在欧洲白种人群中。
