Dhami Mandeep K, Hertwig Ralph, Hoffrage Ulrich
Department of Psychology, City University, London, England.
Psychol Bull. 2004 Nov;130(6):959-88. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.959.
Egon Brunswik argued that psychological processes are adapted to environmental properties. He proposed the method of representative design to capture these processes and advocated that psychology be a science of organism-environment relations. Representative design involves randomly sampling stimuli from the environment or creating stimuli in which environmental properties are preserved. This departs from systematic design. The authors review the development of representative design, examine its use in judgment and decision-making research, and demonstrate the effect of design on research findings. They suggest that some of the practical difficulties associated with representative design may be overcome with modern technologies. The importance of representative design in psychology and the implications of this method for ecological approaches to cognition are discussed.
埃贡·布伦斯维克认为心理过程是适应环境特性的。他提出了代表性设计方法来捕捉这些过程，并主张心理学应成为一门关于有机体与环境关系的科学。代表性设计包括从环境中随机抽取刺激物或创造出保留环境特性的刺激物。这与系统性设计不同。作者回顾了代表性设计的发展历程，考察了其在判断与决策研究中的应用，并展示了设计对研究结果的影响。他们认为，一些与代表性设计相关的实际困难或许可以通过现代技术加以克服。文中还讨论了代表性设计在心理学中的重要性以及该方法对认知生态学方法的启示。
