5000多株欧洲肠杆菌科细菌分离株的β-内酰胺敏感性及产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）分离株的流行情况
Beta-lactam susceptibilities and prevalence of ESBL-producing isolates among more than 5000 European Enterobacteriaceae isolates.
作者信息
Nijssen S, Florijn A, Bonten M J M, Schmitz F J, Verhoef J, Fluit A C
机构信息
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine and Infectious Diseases, F.02.126, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85000, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2004 Dec;24(6):585-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.08.008.
In vitro susceptibility to 15 beta-lactam antibiotics was evaluated using Enterobacteriaceae isolated during the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. Piperacillin/tazobactam was the most active penicillin against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella oxytoca and Klebsiella pneumoniae (94.9%, 98.3%, 87.4% and 82.9% of isolates susceptible). Of the cephalosporins, cefepime was most effective against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter cloacae (99.2%, 96.3% and 95.2% of isolates susceptible, respectively) and cefoxitin against Klebsiella oxytoca and Klebsiella pneumoniae (98.6% and 95.6% of isolates susceptible). Carbapenems had excellent activity (> or =99.5% of all isolates). ESBL-production was confirmed with the ESBL-Etest and disk diffusion test in 1.3% of Escherichia coli isolates, 18.4% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 12.6% of Klebsiella oxytoca and 5.3% of Proteus mirabilis isolates.
利用哨兵抗菌监测项目期间分离出的肠杆菌科细菌，评估了15种β-内酰胺类抗生素的体外敏感性。哌拉西林/他唑巴坦是对大肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、产酸克雷伯菌和肺炎克雷伯菌活性最强的青霉素（分别有94.9%、98.3%、87.4%和82.9%的分离菌株敏感）。在头孢菌素中，头孢吡肟对大肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌和阴沟肠杆菌最有效（分别有99.2%、96.3%和95.2%的分离菌株敏感），头孢西丁对产酸克雷伯菌和肺炎克雷伯菌有效（分别有98.6%和95.6%的分离菌株敏感）。碳青霉烯类具有优异的活性（所有分离菌株的≥99.5%）。通过ESBL-Etest和纸片扩散试验确认，1.3%的大肠杆菌分离菌株、18.4%的肺炎克雷伯菌、12.6%的产酸克雷伯菌和5.3%的奇异变形杆菌分离菌株产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）。
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