Runyan Carol W, Johnson Renee M, Yang Jingzhen, Waller Anna E, Perkis David, Marshall Stephen W, Coyne-Beasley Tamera, McGee Kara S
Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2005 Jan;28(1):102-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.09.014.
More needs to be known about the prevalence of risk and protective factors for fires, burns, and carbon monoxide poisoning in U.S. households.
A random-digit-dial survey was conducted about home safety with 1003 respondents representing households in the continental United States. Descriptive statistics assess the prevalence of risk and protective factors for fires, burns, and carbon monoxide overall, and by demographic characteristics, household structure, region, and residential tenure. The data were weighted to adjust for nonresponse and to reflect the U.S. population.
Although most respondents reported having a smoke alarm (97%), and 80% reported having one on each level of their home, <20% reported checking the alarm at least every 3 months. Seventy-one percent reported having a fire extinguisher, 29% had a carbon monoxide detector, and 51% of those living with at least one other person had a fire escape plan. Few could report the temperature of their hot water at the tap (9%), or the setting on the hot water heater (25%). Only 6% had an antiscald device.
Results suggest that there is much room for improvement regarding adoption of measures to prevent fires, burns, and carbon monoxide poisoning. Further investigations of the efficacy of carbon monoxide detectors, fire extinguishers, and escape plans, as well as effectiveness studies of fire and burn-prevention efforts are needed.
对于美国家庭中火灾、烧伤和一氧化碳中毒的风险及保护因素的流行情况，我们还需要了解更多。
针对家庭安全进行了一项随机数字拨号调查，有1003名代表美国大陆家庭的受访者参与。描述性统计评估了火灾、烧伤和一氧化碳的风险及保护因素的总体流行情况，并按人口特征、家庭结构、地区和居住期限进行了评估。对数据进行加权以调整无应答情况，并反映美国人口情况。
尽管大多数受访者报告称家中有烟雾报警器（97%），且80%的受访者称家中每层都有一个，但不到20%的受访者报告至少每3个月检查一次报警器。71%的受访者报告家中有灭火器，29%的受访者有一氧化碳探测器，与至少一人同住的受访者中有51%制定了火灾逃生计划。很少有人能说出水龙头热水的温度（9%），或热水器的设置温度（25%）。只有6%的人有防烫伤装置。
结果表明，在采取预防火灾、烧伤和一氧化碳中毒的措施方面，仍有很大的改进空间。需要进一步研究一氧化碳探测器、灭火器和逃生计划的有效性，以及火灾和烧伤预防措施的效果研究。
