美国住宅烟雾报警器和火灾逃生计划的普及率：第二次伤害控制与风险调查（ICARIS - 2）的结果
Prevalence of residential smoke alarms and fire escape plans in the U.S.: results from the Second Injury Control and Risk Survey (ICARIS-2).
作者信息
Ballesteros Michael F, Kresnow Marcie-Jo
机构信息
Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
出版信息
Public Health Rep. 2007 Mar-Apr;122(2):224-31. doi: 10.1177/003335490712200212.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to estimate (1) the proportion of U.S. homes with installed smoke alarms and fire escape plans, and (2) the frequency of testing home smoke alarms and of practicing the fire escape plans.
METHODS
The authors analyzed data on smoke alarms and fire escape plans from a national cross-sectional random-digit dialed telephone survey of 9,684 households.
RESULTS
Ninety-five percent of surveyed households reported at least one installed smoke alarm and 52% had a fire escape plan. The prevalence of alarms varied by educational level, income, and the presence of a child in the home. Only 15% tested their alarms once a month and only 16% of homes with an escape plan reported practicing it every six months.
CONCLUSION
While smoke alarm prevalence in U.S. homes is high, only half of homes have a fire escape plan. Additional emphasis is needed on testing of installed smoke alarms and on preparedness for fire escape plans.
摘要
目的
本研究旨在估计（1）美国安装了烟雾报警器和制定了火灾逃生计划的家庭比例，以及（2）测试家用烟雾报警器和演练火灾逃生计划的频率。
方法
作者分析了一项对9684户家庭进行的全国性横断面随机数字拨号电话调查中有关烟雾报警器和火灾逃生计划的数据。
结果
95%的受访家庭报告至少安装了一个烟雾报警器，52%的家庭制定了火灾逃生计划。报警器的普及率因教育程度、收入以及家中是否有儿童而异。只有15%的家庭每月测试一次报警器，只有16%制定了逃生计划的家庭报告每六个月演练一次。
结论
虽然美国家庭中烟雾报警器的普及率很高，但只有一半的家庭制定了火灾逃生计划。需要进一步强调对已安装烟雾报警器的测试以及火灾逃生计划的准备工作。
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