Mobley C, Sugarman J R, Deam C, Giles L
Division of Research, Evaluation and Epidemiology, Portland Area Indian Health Service.
Public Health Rep. 1994 Sep-Oct;109(5):702-5.
Fatality rates from residential fires are high among American Indians. Contact burns and scalds are also among the leading types of thermal injuries. Information about the prevalence of risk factors for burn injuries is required to design interventions aimed at reducing residential fire and burn injuries. The authors conducted a survey in July and August 1992 of 68 households located in a small American Indian community in Washington State to ascertain the prevalence of selected risk factors for residential fire and burn injuries. Nearly all households (96 percent) in the study had a smoke detector, and 95 percent of those tested were functioning. However, a high prevalence of other household characteristics associated with excess risk of residential fire and burn injuries was identified: 59 percent of households had at least one member who smoked, 25 percent had a member who smoked in bed, 38 percent had a member who drank alcohol and smoked at the same time, 46 percent used wood stoves as a heat source, and 15 percent of households were mobile homes. Thirteen percent of households had at least one fire during the previous 3 years, and the incidence of burns due to all causes and requiring medical treatment was 1.5 per 100 persons per year. Hot water temperature was measured to determine the potential risk for scald burns, and 48 percent of households had a maximum hot water temperature of 130 degrees or more Fahrenheit. Such surveys can guide intervention strategies to reduce residential fire and burn injuries in American Indian communities.
美国印第安人中，住宅火灾造成的死亡率很高。接触性烧伤和烫伤也是主要的热损伤类型。为了设计旨在减少住宅火灾和烧伤伤害的干预措施，需要了解烧伤伤害风险因素的流行情况。作者于1992年7月和8月对华盛顿州一个美国印第安小社区的68户家庭进行了一项调查，以确定住宅火灾和烧伤伤害的特定风险因素的流行情况。该研究中几乎所有家庭（96%）都有烟雾探测器，其中95%经过测试的探测器都能正常工作。然而，研究发现了与住宅火灾和烧伤伤害额外风险相关的其他家庭特征的高流行率：59%的家庭至少有一名成员吸烟，25%的家庭有成员在床上吸烟，38%的家庭有成员同时饮酒和吸烟，46%的家庭使用木炉作为热源，15%的家庭是移动房屋。13%的家庭在过去3年中至少发生过一次火灾，因各种原因需要就医的烧伤发生率为每年每100人中有1.5例。测量了热水温度以确定烫伤的潜在风险，48%的家庭最高热水温度达到或超过华氏130度。此类调查可为减少美国印第安社区住宅火灾和烧伤伤害的干预策略提供指导。
