Wright N J, Thacher T D, Pfitzner M A, Fischer P R, Pettifor J M
Las Vegas Clinic for Children and Youth, 501 7th Street, Las Vegas, New Mexico 87701, USA.
Arch Dis Child. 2005 Mar;90(3):262-6. doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.043562.
Up to 70% of young Nigerian children have been reported to have blood lead concentrations > or =10 microg/dl.
To better elucidate risk factors for lead toxicity among Nigerian families with children at risk for lead toxicity.
Two geographic wards in Jos, Nigeria were selected for study, one previously reported to have a high mean blood lead level (37 (SD 13) microg/dl) and one with a lower mean blood lead level (17 (SD 10) microg/dl) in young children. Data pertaining to potential risk factors for lead exposure were collected from children and adults in 34 households.
The mean (SD) blood lead concentration of 275 subjects, aged 3 weeks to 90 years, was 8.7 (5.7) microg/dl (range 1-34 microg/dl); 92 (34%) had concentrations > or =10 microg/dl. In multivariate analysis, an age of 5 years and under, flaking house paint, residence near a gasoline seller, male gender, increasing maternal and paternal education, and use of a lead ore eye cosmetic were independently associated with greater blood lead concentration. Vehicle ownership was associated with reduced lead concentration. Compared with the low-lead ward, residence in the high-lead ward remained significantly associated with greater lead values, indicating that additional factors likely contribute to lead exposure.
Although the cause of increased lead levels in Jos appears to be multi-factorial, several remediable sources contribute to lead exposure in Nigeria.
据报道，高达70%的尼日利亚幼儿血铅浓度≥10微克/分升。
为了更好地阐明有铅中毒风险的尼日利亚家庭中儿童铅中毒的危险因素。
在尼日利亚乔斯市选择了两个地理区域进行研究，其中一个区域先前报告幼儿平均血铅水平较高（37（标准差13）微克/分升），另一个区域幼儿平均血铅水平较低（17（标准差10）微克/分升）。从34户家庭的儿童和成人中收集了与铅暴露潜在危险因素相关的数据。
275名年龄在3周至90岁之间的受试者的平均（标准差）血铅浓度为8.7（5.7）微克/分升（范围1 - 34微克/分升）；92人（34%）的血铅浓度≥10微克/分升。在多变量分析中，5岁及以下的年龄、房屋油漆剥落、居住在汽油销售商附近、男性性别、父母教育程度提高以及使用含铅矿石的眼部化妆品与血铅浓度升高独立相关。拥有车辆与血铅浓度降低相关。与低铅区域相比，居住在高铅区域仍与更高的铅值显著相关，这表明可能还有其他因素导致铅暴露。
虽然乔斯市血铅水平升高的原因似乎是多因素的，但在尼日利亚有几个可补救的铅暴露源。
