Njoga Emmanuel O, Ezenduka Ekene V, Ogbodo Chiazor G, Ogbonna Chukwuka U, Jaja Ishmael F, Ofomatah Anthony C, Okpala Charles Odilichukwu R
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria.
Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Ogun State 110124, Nigeria.
Foods. 2021 Apr 8;10(4):798. doi: 10.3390/foods10040798.
Notwithstanding the increased toxic heavy metals/metalloids (THMs) accumulation in (edible) organs owed to goat's feeding habit and anthropogenic activities, the chevon remains increasingly relished as a special delicacy in Nigeria. Specific to the South-Eastern region, however, there is paucity of relevant data regarding the prevalence of THMs in goat carcasses processed for human consumption. This work was, therefore, aimed to investigate the detection, distribution and health risk assessment of THMs in goat carcass processed for human consumption in South-Eastern Nigeria. To achieve this, a total of 450 meat samples (kidney, liver and muscle) were evaluated from 150 randomly selected goat carcasses processed in two major slaughterhouses in Enugu State. The detection, distribution, as well as health risk assessment parameters followed standard procedures. Results revealed that at least one THM was detected in 56% of the carcasses. Mean concentrations of arsenic (As) were 0.53 ± 0.10 mg/kg, 0.57 ± 0.09 mg/kg and 0.45 ± 0.08 mg/kg, lead (Pb) were 0.48 ± 0.38 mg/kg, 0.45 ± 0.24 mg/kg and 0.82 ± 0.39 mg/kg, cadmium (Cd) was 0.06 ± 0.32 mg/kg, 0.02 ± 0.00 mg/kg, and 0.02 ± 0.00 mg/kg for kidney, liver and muscle tissues, respectively. The estimated daily intakes (EDI) for all THMs were above the recommended safe limits. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) computed for all As, Cd and Pb fell below unity in all the studied organs, which indicated no non-carcinogenic risks. Curtailing the anthropogenic activities that aid the THM-contamination in goat production/processing lines is recommended. Screening for THM-contamination in Nigerian slaughterhouses is imperative, so as to ascertain the toxicological safety of meats intended for human consumption.
尽管由于山羊的饮食习惯和人为活动，（可食用）器官中有毒重金属/类金属（THMs）的积累有所增加，但山羊肉在尼日利亚仍然越来越受青睐，被视为一种特殊的美味佳肴。然而，具体到东南部地区，关于供人类食用的加工山羊胴体中THMs的流行情况，相关数据却很匮乏。因此，这项工作旨在调查尼日利亚东南部供人类食用的加工山羊胴体中THMs的检测、分布及健康风险评估。为实现这一目标，从埃努古州两家主要屠宰场加工的150只随机选取的山羊胴体中，共评估了450份肉样（肾脏、肝脏和肌肉）。检测、分布以及健康风险评估参数均遵循标准程序。结果显示，56%的胴体中至少检测出一种THM。肾脏、肝脏和肌肉组织中砷（As）的平均浓度分别为0.53±0.10毫克/千克、0.57±0.09毫克/千克和0.45±0.08毫克/千克，铅（Pb）分别为0.48±0.38毫克/千克、0.45±0.24毫克/千克和0.82±0.39毫克/千克，镉（Cd）分别为0.06±0.32毫克/千克、0.02±0.00毫克/千克和0.02±0.00毫克/千克。所有THMs的估计每日摄入量（EDI）均高于推荐的安全限值。在所有研究器官中，计算得出的所有砷、镉和铅的目标危害商（THQ）和危害指数（HI）均低于1，这表明不存在非致癌风险。建议减少有助于山羊生产/加工环节中THM污染的人为活动。必须对尼日利亚屠宰场进行THM污染筛查，以确定供人类食用肉类的毒理学安全性。
