Oikawa M, Hobo S, Oyamada T, Yoshikawa H
Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 321-4 Tokami, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0856, Japan.
J Comp Pathol. 2005 Feb-Apr;132(2-3):153-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2004.09.006.
The effects of various factors on the inflammatory and stress response in horses during transportation were examined in Experiments 1 and 2, carried out in April and August, respectively. In Experiment 1, three groups (G1-G3) of four Thoroughbreds were used, and in Experiment 2, two groups (G4, G5). G1 animals were loaded into lorries with their heads facing forwards (FF) and given periods of short rest (SR) (30 min for every 4 h driven). G2 horses were loaded facing rearwards (FR) and given SR. G3 horses were FF and given periods of long rest (LR) (2 h rest for every 4 h driven). G4 horses were transported FF with hay suspended in front of them and no cleaning of faeces or urine during rest stops. G5 horses were FF and given pellets instead of hay, and the lorry was cleaned and washed at each rest stop. G4 and G5 horses were rested for 1 h after every 5 h of driving. All groups were driven a distance of 1500 km, and the total journey time was 37 h for G1 and G2, 49 h for G3, and 40 h for G4 and G5. In Experiment 1, indicators of inflammatory and stress responses tended to be highest in G1, intermediate in G2 and lowest in G3. In Experiment 2 they tended to be higher in G4 than in G5. The results suggested that increasing the rest time and cleaning the interior of the vehicle during rest stops reduced transportation stress and respiratory insults, factors that may lead to respiratory disease.
在分别于4月和8月进行的实验1和实验2中，研究了各种因素对马匹运输过程中炎症和应激反应的影响。实验1中使用了三组（G1 - G3），每组四匹纯种马；实验2中使用了两组（G4、G5）。G1组动物头部朝前装入卡车（FF），并给予短时间休息（SR）（每行驶4小时休息30分钟）。G2组马匹头部朝后装入卡车（FR）并给予SR。G3组马匹为FF，给予长时间休息（LR）（每行驶4小时休息2小时）。G4组马匹运输时头部朝前，休息站期间在其前方悬挂干草，且不清理粪便或尿液。G5组马匹为FF，给予颗粒饲料而非干草，且在每个休息站对卡车进行清洁和冲洗。G4组和G5组马匹每行驶5小时后休息1小时。所有组均行驶1500公里，G1组和G2组的总行程时间为37小时，G3组为49小时，G4组和G5组为40小时。在实验1中，炎症和应激反应指标在G1组往往最高，在G2组居中，在G3组最低。在实验2中，这些指标在G4组往往高于G5组。结果表明，增加休息时间以及在休息站清洁车辆内部可减轻运输应激和呼吸道损伤，而这些因素可能导致呼吸道疾病。
