Raccurt Christian
Centre hospitalier universitaire d'Amiens, Groupe hospitalier Sud, Service de parasitologie, mycologie et médecine des voyages, 80054 Amiens, France.
Sante. 2004 Oct-Dec;14(4):201-4.
Haiti is the only Caribbean island where malaria, practically always due to Plasmodium falciparum, persists in an epidemic-endemic state. In 1995 Haitian strains of P. falciparum were still sensitive to chloroquine. The principal vector is Anopheles albimanus, but the recent introduction in the south of Haiti of An. Pseudopunctipennis, which is an effective vector of P. falciparum in Central America, requires appropriate entomological surveillance. Essentially rural and seasonal, malaria is increasingly observed in the suburban areas around Port-au-Prince. The epidemiologic indicators have regressed since the 1980s and 1990s. The plasmodic index in 1995 was low: 3.9%. Nonetheless imported malaria from Haiti presents a considerable threat to the other countries in the region because of the migrant flow. Updating data is essential to set up rational control strategies and appropriate advice to travellers.
海地是加勒比地区唯一疟疾始终流行且为地方性流行病的岛屿，几乎所有病例均由恶性疟原虫所致。1995年，海地的恶性疟原虫菌株对氯喹仍敏感。主要病媒为白纹按蚊，但海地南部最近引入了伪点按蚊，这种蚊子在中美洲是恶性疟原虫的有效病媒，因此需要进行适当的昆虫学监测。疟疾主要发生在农村地区且具有季节性，但在太子港周边的郊区也越来越常见。自20世纪80年代和90年代以来，流行病学指标出现了倒退。1995年的疟原虫指数较低：为3.9%。然而，由于移民流动，从海地输入的疟疾对该地区其他国家构成了相当大的威胁。更新数据对于制定合理的控制策略以及为旅行者提供适当建议至关重要。
