Yang Wen-Jie, Li Jian
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 430052, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2004 Dec;22(6):422-6.
To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI) based on the Job Demand-Control Model and Effort-Reward Imbalance Model respectively.
928 health care workers in hospitals were investigated in this study. The self-administered questionnaires were used to assess the psychosocial work environment, including job demand, control, social support, extrinsic effort, reward, and overcommitment. Mean while, the internal consistency reliability, construct validity and criterion validity were evaluated.
The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for 6 scales were acceptable (0.56 approximately 0.82); factor analysis showed the close fitness with the theoretical constructs, though the "job demand" and "overcommitment" scales were still questioned; moreover, both demand-control and effort-reward imbalance were independently related to depressive symptom (OR: 1.63 approximately 2.64, P < 0.01), indicating the satisfactory criterion validity.
Both Job Demand-Control Model and Effort-Reward Imbalance Model, with their relevant questionnaires were reliable and valid methods for measuring the psychosocial work environment and assessing the occupational stress among Chinese working population and further revision is necessary.
分别基于工作需求-控制模型和努力-回报失衡模型，检验中文版工作内容问卷（JCQ）和努力-回报失衡问卷（ERI）的信效度。
本研究对928名医院医护人员进行了调查。采用自填式问卷评估心理社会工作环境，包括工作需求、控制、社会支持、外在努力、回报和过度投入。同时，评估了内部一致性信度、结构效度和效标效度。
6个分量表的克朗巴哈α系数均可接受（约0.56至0.82）；因子分析显示与理论结构拟合良好，尽管“工作需求”和“过度投入”分量表仍存在疑问；此外，需求-控制和努力-回报失衡均与抑郁症状独立相关（OR：约1.63至2.64，P<0.01），表明效标效度良好。
工作需求-控制模型和努力-回报失衡模型及其相关问卷是测量中国在职人群心理社会工作环境和评估职业压力的可靠有效方法，但仍需进一步修订。
