Katz David L
Yale Prevention Research Center, Derby, Connecticut 06418, USA.
Annu Rev Public Health. 2005;26:61-88. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144415.
In response to an accelerating obesity pandemic, competing weight-loss diets have propagated; those touting carbohydrate restriction are currently most in vogue. Evidence that sustainable weight loss is enhanced by means other than caloric restriction, however, is lacking. Whereas short-term weight loss is consistently achieved by any dietary approach to the restriction of choice and thereby calories, lasting weight control is not. Competing dietary claims imply that fundamental knowledge of dietary pattern and human health is lacking; an extensive literature belies this notion. The same dietary and lifestyle pattern conducive to health promotion is consistently associated with weight control. A bird's eye view of the literature on diet and weight reveals a forest otherwise difficult to discern through the trees. Competing diet claims are diverting attention and resources from what is actually and urgently needed: a dedicated and concerted effort to make the basic dietary pattern known to support both health and weight control more accessible to all.
为应对日益严重的肥胖流行问题，各种减肥饮食法纷纷涌现；目前，那些鼓吹限制碳水化合物摄入的减肥法最为流行。然而，尚无证据表明除热量限制之外的其他方法能增强可持续减肥效果。虽然任何一种限制热量摄入的饮食方法都能在短期内持续实现体重减轻，但持久的体重控制却难以做到。相互竞争的饮食主张意味着人们缺乏关于饮食模式和人类健康的基础知识；然而大量文献却反驳了这一观点。有利于健康促进的相同饮食和生活方式模式始终与体重控制相关。从饮食与体重的文献中鸟瞰全局，就能发现一片原本在众多细节中难以辨清的森林。相互竞争的饮食主张正在转移人们对实际迫切需求的注意力和资源：即做出专门且协同一致的努力，让支持健康和体重控制的基本饮食模式为所有人更易获取。
