Fickers P, Benetti P-H, Waché Y, Marty A, Mauersberger S, Smit M S, Nicaud J-M
Centre Wallon de Biologie Industrielle, Service de Technologie Microbienne, Université de Liège, Boulevard du Rectorat, Bâtiment 40, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
FEMS Yeast Res. 2005 Apr;5(6-7):527-43. doi: 10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.09.004.
The alkane-assimilating yeast Yarrowia lipolytica degrades very efficiently hydrophobic substrates such as n-alkanes, fatty acids, fats and oils for which it has specific metabolic pathways. An overview of the oxidative degradation pathways for alkanes and triglycerides in Y. lipolytica is given, with new insights arising from the recent genome sequencing of this yeast. This includes the interaction of hydrophobic substrates with yeast cells, their uptake and transport, the primary alkane oxidation to the corresponding fatty alcohols and then by different enzymes to fatty acids, and the subsequent degradation in peroxisomal beta-oxidation or storage into lipid bodies. Several enzymes involved in hydrophobic substrate utilisation belong to multigene families, such as lipases/esterases (LIP genes), cytochromes P450 (ALK genes) and peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidases (POX genes). Examples are presented demonstrating that wild-type and genetically engineered strains of Y. lipolytica can be used for alkane and fatty-acid bioconversion, such as aroma production, for production of SCP and SCO, for citric acid production, in bioremediation, in fine chemistry, for steroid biotransformation, and in food industry. These examples demonstrate distinct advantages of Y. lipolytica for their use in bioconversion reactions of biotechnologically interesting hydrophobic substrates.
能够同化烷烃的解脂耶氏酵母能非常高效地降解疏水性底物，如正构烷烃、脂肪酸、脂肪和油类，它拥有针对这些底物的特定代谢途径。本文给出了解脂耶氏酵母中烷烃和甘油三酯氧化降解途径的概述，并介绍了近期该酵母基因组测序带来的新见解。这包括疏水性底物与酵母细胞的相互作用、它们的摄取和运输、烷烃初步氧化为相应的脂肪醇，然后通过不同酶转化为脂肪酸，以及随后在过氧化物酶体β-氧化中的降解或储存到脂质体中。参与疏水性底物利用的几种酶属于多基因家族，如脂肪酶/酯酶（LIP基因）、细胞色素P450（ALK基因）和过氧化物酶体酰基辅酶A氧化酶（POX基因）。文中给出了实例，证明解脂耶氏酵母的野生型和基因工程菌株可用于烷烃和脂肪酸生物转化，如生产香气物质、生产单细胞蛋白和单细胞油、生产柠檬酸、用于生物修复、精细化学、类固醇生物转化以及食品工业。这些实例证明了解脂耶氏酵母在生物技术领域中对具有吸引力的疏水性底物进行生物转化反应方面具有明显优势。
