Cardeña Etzel
University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 2005 Jan;53(1):37-59. doi: 10.1080/00207140490914234.
To study the phenomenology of hypnotic virtuosos, the author employed a 2 (hypnosis vs. control) x 3 (quiescent, pedaling a stationary bike, having a motor pedal the bike) within-subjects design with quantitative and qualitative measures. In a "neutral hypnosis" context with the only suggestion being to go as deeply into hypnosis as possible, participants reported alterations in body image, time sense, perception and meaning, sense of being in an altered state of awareness, affect, attention, and imagery. They also mentioned less self-awareness, rationality, voluntary control, and memory. Analyses of the 3 physical conditions showed that hypnotic experiences were overall similar, although quiescence was more conducive to alterations of body image and reports of depth. These results suggest that hypnotic virtuosos have alterations of consciousness that can be better conceptualized as distinct states rather than being on a continuum.
为了研究催眠大师的现象学，作者采用了一种2（催眠组与对照组）×3（静止、踩固定自行车、让机器踩自行车）的被试内设计，并运用了定量和定性测量方法。在“中性催眠”情境下，唯一的暗示是尽可能深入地进入催眠状态，参与者报告了身体意象、时间感、感知与意义、处于意识改变状态的感觉、情感、注意力和意象方面的变化。他们还提到自我意识、理性、自主控制和记忆有所减少。对三种身体状况的分析表明，尽管静止状态更有利于身体意象的改变和深度报告，但催眠体验总体上是相似的。这些结果表明，催眠大师的意识改变可以更好地被概念化为不同的状态，而不是处于一个连续体上。
