Baur Xaver
Institute of Occupational Medicine, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2005 May;78(4):279-86. doi: 10.1007/s00420-004-0590-6. Epub 2005 Apr 8.
A literature review shows that airborne enzymes occurring in the general environment and in purified form in industrial production have a high allergenic potential to the airways, causing rhinitis, conjunctivitis and asthma. It can be assumed that this also applies to the increasing number of enzymes manufactured by the cloning of fast-growing genetically engineered microorganisms. Cross-sectional studies demonstrate exposure-response relations for IgE-mediated sensitisation and airway disorders. Atopic individuals are more susceptible to enzyme allergy than non-atopic individuals. Skin prick testing and measurement of specific IgE antibodies have been shown to be useful diagnostic tools. Very high concentrations of proteases may lead to emphysema. There is also evidence for non-allergic airway inflammation by proteases, probably via protease-activated receptor-2 and intracellular Ca(2+) release. It is recommended that all enzymes be classified with the risk phrase R42 (may cause sensitisation by inhalation) and that their inhalative uptake be totally avoided.
一项文献综述表明，在一般环境中以及工业生产中以纯化形式存在的空气传播酶对气道具有很高的致敏潜力，可引发鼻炎、结膜炎和哮喘。可以假定，这同样适用于通过快速生长的基因工程微生物克隆生产的越来越多的酶。横断面研究证明了IgE介导的致敏与气道疾病之间的暴露-反应关系。特应性个体比非特应性个体更容易发生酶过敏。皮肤点刺试验和特异性IgE抗体检测已被证明是有用的诊断工具。非常高浓度的蛋白酶可能导致肺气肿。也有证据表明蛋白酶可引发非过敏性气道炎症，可能是通过蛋白酶激活受体-2和细胞内Ca(2+)释放。建议将所有酶归类为具有风险短语R42（吸入可能致敏）并应完全避免吸入。
