Doughty Adam H, Reed Phil, Lattal Kennon A
West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2004 Dec;11(6):1118-23. doi: 10.3758/bf03196746.
Reinstatement refers to the recovery of previously extinguished responding by the response-independent delivery of a stimulus that was a reinforcer in training. Two experiments were conducted to examine relative reinstatement following the training of differential preextinction response rates, either with equal (Experiment 1) or unequal (Experiment 2) preextinction reinforcement rates. In Experiment 1, each of 3 pigeons first pecked at relatively high rates in the tandem variable-time 117-sec fixed-interval 3-sec component of a multiple schedule and at lower rates in a separate tandem variable-interval 117-sec fixed-time 3-sec component. Reinforcement rates were equal between components. Pecking then was extinguished in each component, before being reinstated under a multiple variable-time 120-sec variable-time 120-sec schedule. Greater reinstatement occurred in the component previously correlated with higher rates of pecking. In Experiment 2, in an initial condition, the mean rate of lever pressing for one group of 8 rats was significantly higher under a fixed-ratio 3 schedule than for another group of 8 rats under a fixed-ratio 1 schedule. Mean reinforcement rate was significantly higher for the group exposed to the fixed-ratio 1 schedule. For each group, lever pressing then was extinguished, before being reinstated under a variable-time 30-sec schedule. Significantly greater mean reinstatement occurred for the group previously exposed to the fixed-ratio 3 schedule. These results suggest that differential reinstatement may be predicted by preextinction response rate, perhaps independently of preextinction reinforcement rate.
恢复是指通过呈现一种在训练中作为强化物的刺激来恢复先前已消退的反应，该刺激的呈现与反应无关。进行了两项实验，以检验在差异预消退反应率训练后（预消退强化率相等，实验1；预消退强化率不相等，实验2）的相对恢复情况。在实验1中，3只鸽子中的每只首先在复合时间表的串联可变时距117秒固定间隔3秒成分中以相对较高的速率啄击，而在单独的串联可变时距117秒固定时长3秒成分中以较低的速率啄击。各成分间的强化率相等。然后在每个成分中使啄击消退，之后在复合可变时距120秒可变时距120秒时间表下恢复。在先前与较高啄击速率相关的成分中出现了更大程度的恢复。在实验2中，在初始条件下，一组8只大鼠在固定比率3时间表下的平均杠杆按压速率显著高于另一组8只大鼠在固定比率1时间表下的平均杠杆按压速率。暴露于固定比率1时间表的组的平均强化率显著更高。对于每组，然后使杠杆按压消退，之后在可变时距30秒时间表下恢复。先前暴露于固定比率3时间表的组出现了显著更大的平均恢复。这些结果表明，差异恢复可能由预消退反应率预测，可能独立于预消退强化率。
